Blood lead levels in Egyptian children from high and low lead-polluted areas: impact on cognitive function

Mostafa, Gehan Ahmed; Elshahawi, Heba H.; Mokhtar, Amany

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0404.2009.01155.x

Cited by 34 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The exposure to passive smoking can explain well the relatively high BLLs in children from the rural area that are exposed ranging between 10 μg/l and 20 μg/l [28][29][30]. Children with a BLLs mean above the Centre for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) level of concern (≥ 100 μg/l) [23] represented about 8% of the population (out of whom 75% lived in the urban area), this percentage is lower that the percentage reported in the studies on Egyptian children (25% and 43%, respectively) [26,27]. About 30% of children had BLLs between 50 μg/l and 100 μg/l (out of whom about 50% lived in the urban area) (see Figure 2).…”

Section: Ijomeh 2014;27(4)contrasting

confidence: 40%

“…This BLLs mean is in accordance with the one found in 190 Egyptian school children of the same age range (62.2 μg/l) exposed to high traffic density around their school [26], but it is lower in comparison with the mean reported by Mostafa GA in 2009 for 100 children from Cairo city (median: 90 μg/l, range: 30-280 μg/l). Such a high BLLs median, that can be related to high exposure of children to traffic exhausts in the mega city of Cairo, is however comparable to the BLLs mean that we found in the urban area (82.36 μg/l) [27]. The comparison of the BLLs mean of all children in this study with the means reported in other countries indicates that BLLs mean in our series is higher than the means reported recently in most Central Europe cities and in Canadian children with the same age range, with Pb-B means in girls from the inner city of Fez can be related to the high BLLs in these girls that had the highest BLLs mean in our population (89.451 μg/l) ( Table 1).…”

Section: μG/l) the Bmls Mean Was Higher In Urban Andmentioning

confidence: 54%

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Blood lead, cadmium and mercury among children from urban, industrial and rural areas of Fez Boulemane Region (Morocco): Relevant factors and early renal effects

Laamech¹,

Bernard²,

Dumont³

et al. 2014

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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Objectives: To describe blood lead (Pb-B), cadmium (Cd-B) and mercury (Hg-B) levels in children living in urban, industrial and rural areas in Fez city (north of Morocco) and to identify the determinants and some renal effects of exposure. Material and Methods: The study was conducted from June 2007 to January 2008 in 209 school children (113 girls, 96 boys), aged 6-12 years, from urban, industrial and rural areas in Fez city. Interview and questionnaires data were obtained. Blood and urinary samples were analyzed. Results: The mean of blood lead levels (Pb-B) in our population was 55.53 μg/l (range: 7.5-231.1 μg/l). Children from the urban area had higher blood lead levels (BLLs) mean (82.36 μg/l) than children from industrial and rural areas (48.23 and 35.99 μg/l, respectively); with no significant difference between boys and girls. BLLs were associated with traffic intensity, passive smoking and infancy in the urban area. The mean of blood cadmium levels (BCLs) was 0.22 μg/l (range: 0.06-0.68 μg/l), with no difference between various areas. Rural boys had higher BCLs mean than rural girls, but no gender influence was noticed in the other areas. BCLs were associated with the number of cigarettes smoked at children's homes. The blood mercury levels (BMLs) mean was 0.49 μg/l (range: 0.01-5.31 μg/l). The BMLs mean was higher in urban and industrial areas than in the rural area with no gender-related difference. BMLs were associated with amalgam fillings and infancy in the urban area. About 8% of the children had BLLs ≥ 100 μg/l particularly in the urban area, microalbuminuria and a decrease in height were noticed in girls from the inner city of Fez and that can be related to high BLLs (89.45 μg/l). Conclusions: There is a need to control and regulate potential sources of contamination by these trace elements in children; particularly for lead.

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Section: Ijomeh 2014;27(4)contrasting

confidence: 40%

Section: μG/l) the Bmls Mean Was Higher In Urban Andmentioning

confidence: 54%

Blood lead, cadmium and mercury among children from urban, industrial and rural areas of Fez Boulemane Region (Morocco): Relevant factors and early renal effects

Laamech¹,

Bernard²,

Dumont³

et al. 2014

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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“…In particular, attention and memory appeared at very low level of blood lead (Hashim et al, 2000). Mostafa et al, (2009) stated that children with cognitive dysfunction had higher blood lead levels than those with normal cognitive function. Poor scholastic achievement was reported in 33% of the children, of whom 87.9% had cognitive dysfunction and 90.9% had blood lead levels more than 10µg/dL.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood Lead Concentration and Working Memory Ability on Malay Primary School Children in Urban and Rural Area, Malacca

Shamsudin¹,

Marzuki²,

Jeffree³

et al. 2017

Acta sci. Malays.

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The most lead concentrations in the environment come from human activities such as burning fossil fuels, mining and manufacturing. Once lead enters into environment, it does not break down, but lead compounds were changed by sunlight, air and water. The main target for lead toxicity is nervous system. A child's mental and physical growth can be affected even at low levels of exposure. Objective of this study was to determine the relationship between blood lead concentration and working memory ability among primary school children in urban and rural area, Melaka. The final number of 111 respondents participates in this study which represents 37 from urban area and 74 from rural area. The biological indicator for lead exposure was blood sample. WMI consist of Digit Span as a subtest which comprise of Digit Span Forward (auditory short-term memory) and Digit Span Backward (auditory working memory). The mean of blood lead concentration for urban children was 8.51±3.61µg/dL and rural children were 6.86±4.63µg/dL. There was significant difference of blood lead concentration between urban and rural children (t=2.061, p=0.042). Result showed the mean of WMI score for urban children was 82.03±12.55 and rural children the mean score of WMI was 87.30±13.88. There was significant different of WMI score between urban and rural children (t=-2.012, p=0.048). Result showed there was significant inversely correlation of WMI score with blood lead concentration among urban (r=-0.417, p=0.010) and rural (r=-0.369, p=0.001) children, and there was no association of socio-economic variables with WMI score. This study had made the conclusions; there was significant difference of blood lead concentration among urban and rural children. Urban children state high concentration rather than rural children. There was a significant difference of working memory ability among urban and rural children. Urban children showed lower score compared to rural children. There was inversely significant correlation between blood lead concentration and working memory ability among primary school children in urban and rural area, Melaka.

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“…Another important aspect to be emphasized about this compilation is that only two studies demonstrated the absence of cochlear lesion 10,11 . seizures, IQ decrease, hearing loss, aggressive behavior, and mental retardation [5][6][7] . However, cognition, attention and behavior dysfunctions have been verified on children whose blood lead level are found in levels as low as 3 to 5mg/dL.…”

Section: Audiological Evaluation In Children With Cumulative Low-levementioning

confidence: 99%

“…, Lilian Cássia Bórnia Jacob-Corteletti (4) , Andrea Cintra Lopes (5) , Mariza Ribeiro Feniman (6) by poisoning, regardless of the concentration rate of this substance in blood.…”

Section: Audiological Evaluation In Children With Cumulative Low-levementioning

confidence: 99%

Avaliação audiológica em crianças com baixo nível de exposição cumulativa ao chumbo

et al. 2012

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Objetivo verificar a ocorrência de perda auditiva sensorioneural em crianças com baixo nível de exposição cumulativa ao chumbo. Métodos 156 crianças intoxicadas por chumbo, 94 do sexo masculino e 62 do sexo feminino, na faixa etária entre 18 meses a 14 anos e 5 meses, foram submetidas a análise longitudinal do nível de Plumbemia em sangue, bem como audiometria tonal liminar e emissões otoacústicas evocadas por estímulo transiente. Resultados a população pesquisada apresentou um valor médio de Plumbemia estimada de 12,2±5,7mg/dL (faixa entre 2,4-33mg/dL); todas as crianças apresentaram resposta normal na audiometria tonal liminar em 20 dBNA nas frequências testadas, 0,5; 1; 2 e 4 kHz, para ambas as orelhas; as emissões otoacústicas evocadas por estímulo transiente estiveram presentes para todas as frequências bilateralmente, nas 79 crianças pesquisadas. Conclusão não foi constatada perda auditiva sensorioneural em crianças com histórico de baixo nível de exposição cumulativa por chumbo, assim como não foi encontrada lesão de células ciliadas externas na cóclea, mesmo que subclínicas.

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Blood lead levels in Egyptian children from high and low lead-polluted areas: impact on cognitive function

Abstract: Increased blood lead level in many children is one of the health problems in Egypt which may be the reason, at least in part, for cognitive dysfunction with subsequent poor scholastic achievement. Thus, interventions to control lead exposure are mandatory.

Cited by 34 publications

References 24 publications

Blood lead, cadmium and mercury among children from urban, industrial and rural areas of Fez Boulemane Region (Morocco): Relevant factors and early renal effects

Blood lead, cadmium and mercury among children from urban, industrial and rural areas of Fez Boulemane Region (Morocco): Relevant factors and early renal effects

Blood Lead Concentration and Working Memory Ability on Malay Primary School Children in Urban and Rural Area, Malacca

Avaliação audiológica em crianças com baixo nível de exposição cumulativa ao chumbo

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