Blood lead levels and risk factors in young children in France, 2008–2009

Etchevers, Anne; Bretin, Philippe; Lecoffre, C.; Bidondo, Marie-Laure; Strat, Yann Le; Glorennec, Philippe; Tertre, Alain Le

doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2013.10.002

Cited by 84 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The percentage share of children from Piekary Śląskie in which the measured value exceeds 10 μg/dl for lead in venous blood has been 0.87%, the hazard for cadmium is a bit lower -just for 0.8% of children, the measured concentration in blood has been higher than 0.5 μg/l. Our results are slightly worse than those observed in France, where 0.09% (0.03-0.15%) of children aged < 6 years old have had PbB level greater than 10 μg/dl [20] or in the USA, where the percentage share of children in the same age with very high lead concentration (≥ 10 μg/dl) in venous blood has been 0.58% (0.61% of boys and 0.56% of girls) [21]. According to the recommendation, only PbB concentrations below 2 μg/dl are so safe that they do not…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

The determinants of lead and cadmium blood levels for preschool children from industrially contaminated sites in Poland

Kowalska

Kulka

Jarosz

et al. 2017

Int J Occup Med Environ Health

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Objectives: Industrially contaminated sites (ICS) represent an important public health issue in European countries. The Silesian Voivodeship, the region located in the southern part of Poland, the historical center of industry, has many sites that meet ICS criteria. Most of them are landfills containing lead, cadmium and zinc. Material and Methods: The aim of the study has been to evaluate determinants of lead and cadmium blood levels for preschool children living in the vicinity of selected environmental hazards in Piekary Śląskie, the city located in the region of Silesia. Data about exposure was obtained from the parental questionnaire and was verified by levels of biomarkers in children's blood. Finally, 678 preschool children were studied. Results: Obtained results have confirmed that the statistically significant higher level of lead in blood has been revealed in the case of younger children whose fathers have a higher level of education and whose mothers smoke cigarettes at home, as well as for those living in the vicinity of any environmental hazard. In the case of cadmium, a higher level of the biomarker has been reported for older children who rather do not live close to any environmental hazard. We have recognized 30% of children with blood lead level (PbB) exceeding 2 μg/dl and 0.8% of children with blood cadmium level (CdB) exceeding the reference value (0.5 μg/l). Conclusions: Own observation has confirmed that preschool children living in Piekary Śląskie are still exposed to heavy metals existing in environment. The source of the higher level in blood is not only the hazardous vicinity in the place of residence but also well-known factors associated with the age of children, parental life style and educational background. The parental questionnaire could be useful to identify potential determinants of exposure to lead and cadmium, however exposure must be verified by measurement of a proper biomarker. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2018;31(3): 351 -359

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

The determinants of lead and cadmium blood levels for preschool children from industrially contaminated sites in Poland

Kowalska

Kulka

Jarosz

et al. 2017

Int J Occup Med Environ Health

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“…Significantly positive association of passive smoking with high BLLs were shown in Swedish [17] and French [18] children. Apostolou et al [19] reported that significantly higher BLL was observed in U.S. children and adolescents aged 3 years to 19 years living with one or more smokers than those living with no smokers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…In countries other than Japan, there are some reports [17][18][19][20] which show that BLLs in children are raised by the smoking of their family. Significantly positive association of passive smoking with high BLLs were shown in Swedish [17] and French [18] children.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Passive and Active Smoking with Elevated Blood Lead Levels Among Children and Adults Resided in a City of Japan

Sato¹,

Oura²,

Yoshida³

et al. 2017

Environ Pollut Climate Change

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“…Our dwellings sample was derived from a national lead poisoning survey (n = 3623 children) (Etchevers et al, 2014), using a sampling design allowing for the provision of population-based estimates. The design of the initial lead poisoning survey was a two-stage sampling, stratified at the first stage: the primary sampling units were hospitals within which the children were the second sampling units.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure of children to metals via tap water ingestion at home: Contamination and exposure data from a nationwide survey in France

Bot

Lucas

Lacroix

et al. 2016

Environment International

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29 inorganic compounds (Al, As, B, Ba, Be, Bi, Ca, Cd, Ce, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Gd, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Nd, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Sr, Tl, U, V and Zn) were measured in the tap water of 484 representative homes of children aged 6months to 6years in metropolitan France in 2008-2009. Parents were asked whether their children consumed tap water. Sampling design and sampling weights were taken into account to estimate element concentrations in tap water supplied to the 3,581,991 homes of 4,923,058 children aged 6months to 6years. Median and 95th percentiles of concentrations in tap water were in μg/L: Al: <10, 48.3, As: 0.2, 2.1; B: <100, 100; Ba: 30.7, 149.4; Ca: 85,000, 121,700; Cd: <0.5, <0.5; Ce: <0.5, <0.5; Co: <0.5, 0.8; Cr: <5, <5; Cu: 70, 720; K: 2210, 6740; Fe: <20, 46; Mn: <5, <5; Mo: <0.5, 1.5; Na: 14,500, 66,800; Ni: <2, 10.2; Mg: 6500, 21,200; Pb: <1, 5.4; Sb: <0.5, <0.5; Se: <1, 6.7; Sr: 256.9, 1004; Tl: <0.5, <0.5; U: <0.5, 2.4; V: <1, 1; Zn: 53, 208. Of the 2,977,123 young children drinking tap water in France, some were drinking water having concentrations above the 2011 World Health Organization drinking-water quality guidelines: respectively 498 (CI 95%: 0-1484) over 700μg/L of Ba; 121,581 (CI 95%: 7091-236,070) over 50mg/L of Na; 2044 (CI 95%: 0-6132) over 70μg/L of Ni, and 78,466 (17,171-139,761) over 10μg/L of Pb. Since it is representative, this tap water contamination data can be used for integrated exposure assessment, in conjunction with diet and environmental (dust and soil) exposure data.

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Blood lead levels and risk factors in young children in France, 2008–2009

Cited by 84 publications

References 33 publications

The determinants of lead and cadmium blood levels for preschool children from industrially contaminated sites in Poland

The determinants of lead and cadmium blood levels for preschool children from industrially contaminated sites in Poland

Association of Passive and Active Smoking with Elevated Blood Lead Levels Among Children and Adults Resided in a City of Japan

Exposure of children to metals via tap water ingestion at home: Contamination and exposure data from a nationwide survey in France

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