Blood Lead in Hemodialysis Patients

Colleoni, N.; Arrigo, Girolamo; Gandini, Eligio; Corigliano, Claudia; D’Amico, Giuseppe

doi:10.1159/000168618

Cited by 20 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The median blood lead level in the study subjects was 7.3 µg/dL (0.1, 29.9 µg/dL) which was higher than the level of 5.8 µg/dL [1.6, 19.1 µg/dL] in patients with chronic kidney disease and than the level of 4.8 µg/dL [1.6, 33.6 µg/dL] in stroke patients with normal serum creatinine levels in Taiwan [5,11,12]. Colleoni N et al and Kessler M et al, demonstrated elevated blood lead levels in patients who were on chronic renal dialysis [13,14]. A study which was done by Muntner P et al, demonstrated that there was an association between the blood lead level and the bone lead concentrations [15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Blood Lead in End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) Patients who were on Maintainence Haemodialysis

Rajan²,

Silambanan³

et al. 2012

JCDR

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Background: In India, there is rising burden of chronic diseases like hypertension and diabetes. It has been estimated that 25-40% of these patients are likely to develop CKD, with a significant percentage requiring renal replacement therapy. Haemodialysis is the most common method which is used to treat advanced and permanent kidney failure. The derangements in the metabolism of several toxic and trace elements such as antimony, arsenic, cadmium, molybdenum, nickel, and selenium have been reported for several decades in patients with chronically reduced renal function. Overall, the available literature suggests that the blood levels of some elements such as cadmium, chromium, fluorine, iodine, lead and vanadium are high in ESRD. Aim and Objectives:Our aim was to study the levels of blood lead in the End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) patients who were on Maintenance Haemodialysis (MHD), and to study whether there was any relationship between the blood lead concentration and the duration of MHD. Methods:The blood lead level was determined in 50 healthy subjects with normal renal function and in 50 patients with ESRD who were on MHD. None of them had a history of smoking or any industrial exposure. Results:The results of this study revealed that the blood lead level was higher in the ESRD patients who were on MHD than in the healthy adults. The blood lead concentration was found to increase with the duration of the MHD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Blood Lead in End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) Patients who were on Maintainence Haemodialysis

Rajan²,

Silambanan³

et al. 2012

JCDR

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“…Blood lead levels depend on the content of lead in the soil and environment (consistent gradient from urban to suburban to rural areas). Concentrations of lead in blood and erythrocytes [8,19] are significantly increased in all patients with CRF [124], but they still remain within the accepted safe exposure range of !380 Ìg/l [118,125]. Blood lead levels and the cumulative lead excretion rates were significantly higher in gout patients with renal failure as compared to patients with normal renal function [126].…”

Section: Tin Strontium Rubidium Mercury Leadmentioning

confidence: 96%

Trace Elements in End-Stage Renal Disease

Zima¹,

Tesař²,

Mestek

et al. 1999

Blood Purif

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For human beings trace elements are essential nutrients with a gamut of functions. They are for instance indispensable components of many enzymes, so they have some regulatory functions and they may affect immune reactions and free radical generation. Abnormalities of trace elements are primarily the result of uremia, and they may be further modified and sometimes greatly exacerbated by the dialysis procedure. The role of trace elements in hemodialysis (HD) patients has not yet been fully characterized. To prevent some complications in chronic HD patients, it is very important to regulate the levels of trace elements by adequate water treatment. Reverse osmosis is able to prevent the accumulation of the majority of trace elements in the patients. Zinc supplementation may be recommended for patients with proven zinc deficiency, but for all chronic renal failure patients it is questionable. Selenium deficiency is to be suspected in dialyzed patients and selenium supplementation may be beneficial (increasing glutathione peroxidase activity, cardioprotective effect, immunostimulatory properties) for chronic renal failure patients. Supplementation with a trace element may be indicated when its depletion was unequivocally documented and when there is evidence of the positive effects of this element on the quality of life of the dialyzed patients.

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“…Several studies have clearly demonstrated the cardiovascular, pulmonary, carcinogenic, and mortality risks of airborne PM 2.5 28–33. Moreover, BLLs have been related to iPTH levels, hemoglobin levels, blood pressure, and mortality in patients on MHD 1,4,34,35. Whether BLL is an intermediate medium between airborne PM 2.5 and cardio vascular events or mortality in patients on MHD requires clarification in future studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…However, in patients with renal failure, blood lead excretion is aggravated because of the loss of renal clearance. Therefore, patients on HD have significantly higher mean BLLs than healthy individuals 1–3. According to our review of the relevant literature, studies on particulate matter in terms of BLLs are limited.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Positive correlation between environmental PM<sub>2.5</sub> and blood lead levels in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis

Chen

Liu

Hsu

et al. 2017

TCRM

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Patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) have significantly higher mean blood lead levels (BLLs) than those in healthy individuals. Because elementary lead can be found in particulate matter with a diameter of <2.5 μm (PM2.5), this cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the effect of environmental PM2.5 exposure and other clinical variables on BLLs in patients receiving HD. We recruited 921 patients on maintenance HD (MHD) who had undergone HD for at least 6 months and who had previously participated in a BLL study. Mean PM2.5 concentrations in living environments in the previous 12 and 24 months were analyzed using a blood lead test. From a multivariate analysis, after adjustment for related factors, the mean PM2.5 concentrations in the previous 12 and 24 months were positively associated with log BLLs. In addition, days with PM2.5 levels exceeding the standard level during the previous 12 and 24 months were positively associated with log BLLs. Patients exposed to higher PM2.5 concentrations and more days with PM2.5 levels exceeding the standard level exhibited a higher prevalence of high and high-normal BLLs and a lower prevalence of low-normal BLLs. After adjustment for related variables, the BLLs exhibited a significantly positive association with environmental PM2.5 in patients undergoing MHD.

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Blood Lead in Hemodialysis Patients

Cited by 20 publications

References 18 publications

Blood Lead in End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) Patients who were on Maintainence Haemodialysis

Blood Lead in End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) Patients who were on Maintainence Haemodialysis

Trace Elements in End-Stage Renal Disease

Positive correlation between environmental PM<sub>2.5</sub> and blood lead levels in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis

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