Blood lead concentrations in children: new ranges

Hanak, Brian W.; Soldin, Steven J.

doi:10.1016/s0009-8981(02)00333-9

Cited by 21 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…However, BLLs greater than 10 µg/dL continue to be more prevalent among children with known risk factors, including minority race or ethnicity; urban residence; residing in housing built before the 1950's; and low family income (CDC, 1991;CDC, 2002;Jones et al, 2009). For example, approximately 11,000 higher-risk children and adolescents who were tested from 2001 to 2002 at an urban medical center had higher BLLs than the NHANES sample; the geometric mean BLL was 3.2 µg/dL in males and 3.0 µg/dL in females (Soldin et al, 2003).…”

Section: Biomonitoring Informationmentioning

confidence: 95%

Estimating perchlorate exposure from food and tap water based on US biomonitoring and occurrence data

Huber

Blount

Mage

et al. 2010

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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Section: Biomonitoring Informationmentioning

confidence: 95%

Estimating perchlorate exposure from food and tap water based on US biomonitoring and occurrence data

Huber

Blount

Mage

et al. 2010

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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“…Annual mean Pb B were chosen from studies conducted in countries where lead had been banned from gasoline for at least 15-20 years (see references in Canfield et al, 2003;Dietrich et al, 1993;Ernhart et al, 1989;Lanphear et al, 2000;Martin et al, 2006;Oulhote et al, 2011;Schroijen et al, 2008;Smolders et al, 2010;Soldin et al, 2003;Tera et al, 1985;Thomas et al, 1999;Tong et al, 1998;Wasserman, 1997;Wietlisbach et al, 1995;Yaffe et al, 1983). Data were gathered regionally from North America, Australasia, northern and western Europe.…”

Section: Atmospheric and Blood Reviewsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of pollutant lead decline in urban air and human blood: A case study from northwestern Europe

Petit¹,

Véron

Deboudt

et al. 2015

Comptes Rendus. Géoscience

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International audienceA review of the transient decline of pollutant lead in the air (PbA) and the blood (PbB) has been conducted in order to assess the relationship between these environmental reservoirs. We have demonstrated that PbA decreased 20 to 100 times more than PbB for the past 30 years, suggesting another significant intake besides airborne lead to explain lead accumulated in humans. This trend has also been observed in two blood surveys we have completed in 1976-1978 and 2008-2009 in northern France and Belgium. Nowadays, the mean PbB (1.5-3.5 mu g/dL) remains at least 100 times higher than the estimated non contaminated PbB. Lead isotope imprints in blood could help decipher specific contamination cases, and were coherent with the decline of PbA, but could not help discriminate the source of blood lead owing to the lack of source imprints, especially from dietary intakes. Correlations between recent PbB, isotopic imprints and the age of the subjects suggested that lead released from bones has become a significant source of lead in blood. The significant cause for human exposure to lead may have shifted from direct pollutant lead input accumulated in exogenous reservoirs (air and diet) to endogenous lead release from bone tissues consequential to metabolic calcium homeostasis and bone turnover. (C) 2015 Academie des sciences. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved

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“…One study [10] suggested that blood-lead levels (BLL) start increasing at six months when the children start to crawl and continues up to around age four when they are walking and there is consequently a decline. Other studies [11,12] have shown that BLL reached their highest concentration by 10 years of age and decreased thereafter.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Longitudinal Analyses of Blood-Lead Levels and Risk Factors for Lead Poisoning in Healthy Children under Two Years of Age

Özden

İşsever

Gökçay

et al. 2004

Indoor and Built Environment

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This study aimed to determine the risk factors for lead poisoning of infants living in Istanbul. It was a longitudinal study conducted between March 1998 and September 2000 at the “Well-Child Unit” based at the Istanbul Medical School. During the study period, a total of 242 newborns were registered and 220 of them met the eligibility criteria. The families of 199 infants gave consent for this study. At the end of two years, 131 infants had completed the study. Blood samples were collected when the infants were aged 1, 6, 12, and 24 months. All samples were assessed using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Blood-lead levels (BLL) increased with age. The maximum BLL was observed at 24 months. There was no infant with a BLL above 10 μgdL1 at one-month of age but this figure was exceeded for 0.5% of the cohort at 6 months, 1.1% at 12 months and 11.5% at 24 months. Children who were given herbal tea and exposed to tobacco smoke, lived in centrally heated homes, and whose fathers were manual workers had significantly higher BLL. The study identified herbal tea, exposure to dust, soil, paint and metal construction debris containing lead and living in an environment where people smoked as factors that put children under two years of age at increased risk of “elevated” BLL.

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Blood lead concentrations in children: new ranges

Cited by 21 publications

References 15 publications

Estimating perchlorate exposure from food and tap water based on US biomonitoring and occurrence data

Estimating perchlorate exposure from food and tap water based on US biomonitoring and occurrence data

Review of pollutant lead decline in urban air and human blood: A case study from northwestern Europe

Longitudinal Analyses of Blood-Lead Levels and Risk Factors for Lead Poisoning in Healthy Children under Two Years of Age

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