Blood Lactate Measurements and Analysis during Exercise: A Guide for Clinicians

Goodwin, Matthew L.; Harris, James; Hernández, Andrés; Gladden, L. Bruce

doi:10.1177/193229680700100414

Cited by 411 publications

(331 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…Performance of HIIT markedly increases plasma lactate levels (9). This is highly relevant, since previous studies have demonstrated that the administration of lactate during hypoglycemia suppresses counterregulatory hormone responses and hypoglycemic symptoms (10)(11)(12)(13).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

A Single Bout of High-Intensity Interval Training Reduces Awareness of Subsequent Hypoglycemia in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes

et al. 2017

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High-intensity interval training (HIIT) gains increasing popularity in patients with diabetes.HIIT acutely increases plasma lactate levels. This may be important, since administration of lactate during hypoglycemia suppresses symptoms and counterregulation, whilst preserving cognitive function. We tested the hypothesis that HIIT acutely reduces awareness of hypoglycemia and attenuates hypoglycemia-induced cognitive dysfunction. In a randomized crossover trial, patients with type 1 diabetes and normal awareness of hypoglycemia (NAH), patients with impaired awareness of hypoglycemia (IAH), and healthy participants (n=10 per group) underwent a hyperinsulinemic-hypoglycemic (2.6 mmol/L) clamp, either after a HIIT session or after seated rest. Compared to rest, HIIT reduced symptoms of hypoglycemia in patients with NAH, but not in healthy participants or patients with IAH. HIIT attenuated hypoglycemia-induced cognitive dysfunction, which was mainly driven by changes in the NAH subgroup. HIIT suppressed cortisol and growth hormone responses, but not catecholamine responses to hypoglycemia. The present findings demonstrate that a single HIIT session rapidly reduces awareness of subsequent hypoglycemia in patients with type 1 diabetes and NAH, but not in patients with IAH, and attenuates hypoglycemia-induced cognitive dysfunction. The role of exercise-induced lactate in mediating these effects, potentially serving as an alternative fuel for the brain, should be further explored.Clinical trial registration number: NCT02308293, ClinicalTrials.gov

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

A Single Bout of High-Intensity Interval Training Reduces Awareness of Subsequent Hypoglycemia in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes

et al. 2017

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“…The linear range (up to 30 mM) and sensitivity (0.64 μA/mM) achieved with 100 mM ferricyanide should be sufficient for blood lactate sensors (normal range 0.5-1.8 mM, maximal with exercise 25 mM). (1,2) Ferricyanide is already the most common mediator in commercial enzyme sensors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(1,2) The normal blood lactate level in people at rest is 0.5-1.8 mM. (1) An increased lactate level is indicative of hypoxia due to medical problems or exercise.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of Electron Mediator Preference of Aerococcus viridans-Derived Lactate Oxidase for Use in Disposable Enzyme Sensor Strips

2017

Sensors and Materials

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Keywords: lactate oxidase, screen-printed carbon electrode, electron mediator, 1-methoxy-5-methyl phenazinium methyl sulfate, potassium ferricyanide, hexaammineruthenium(III) chloride, biomedical engineering Monitoring blood lactate concentration is important in clinical diagnosis and evaluation of fitness care. Electrochemical enzyme sensors are commonly used for the measurement of lactate owing to their simplicity and sensitivity. Lactate oxidases (LOxs) are widely used for the construction of lactate enzyme sensors, especially the LOx derived from Aerococcus viridans (AvLOx). To minimize interference from redox substances, most lactate sensors utilize artificial mediators. However, reports on the comparison of different mediators in lactate measurements are limited. In this study, the preferences of AvLOx for electron mediators were investigated electrochemically. We concluded that the charge of the mediator plays a significant role in determining its suitability as a mediator for AvLOx. The relatively uncharged 1-methoxy-5-methyl phenazinium methylsulfate (mPMS) was the preferred mediator for AvLOx, the strongly negative ferricyanide was a less preferential mediator, and the strongly positive hexaammineruthenium(III) was not utilized as a mediator by AvLOx. This suggests that the protein scaffold of AvLOx can almost completely block the access to the co-factor for very small electron acceptors, depending on their charge.

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“…Blood lactate concentration (BLC), exercise heart rate, and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) are a few of many methods to monitor exercise performance during exercise testing that would be capable of testing the impact of CMT. [15][16][17][18][19] Blood lactate is an important biomarker of cardiovascular exercise intensity. Skeletal muscle cells generate hydrogen and lactate ions that lower muscle pH during physically challenging exercise.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thoracolumbar spinal manipulation and the immediate impact on exercise performance

Ward

Coats

Ramcharan

et al. 2012

Journal of Chiropractic Medicine

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Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine if thoracolumbar chiropractic manipulative therapy (CMT) had an immediate impact on exercise performance by measuring blood lactate concentration, exercise heart rate, and rating of perceived exertion during a treadmill-based graded exercise test (GXT). Methods: Ten healthy, asymptomatic male and 10 female college students (age = 27.5 ± 3.7 years, height = 1.68 ± 0.09 m, body mass = 71.3 ± 11.6 kg: mean ± SD) were equally randomized into an AB:BA crossover study design. Ten participants were in the AB group, and 10 were in the BA group. The study involved 1 week of rest in between each of the 2 conditions: A (prone Diversified T12-L1 CMT) vs B (no CMT). Participants engaged in a treadmill GXT 5 minutes after each week's condition (A or B). Outcome measures were blood lactate concentration, exercise heart rate, and rating of perceived exertion monitored at the conclusion of each 3-minute stage of the GXT. The exercise test continued until the participant achieved greater than 8 mmol/L blood lactate, which correlates with maximal to near-maximal exercise effort. A dependent-samples t test was used to make comparisons between A and B conditions related to exercise performance. Results: No statistically significant difference was shown among any exercise response dependent variables in this study. Conclusions:The results of this research preliminarily suggest that CMT to T12-L1 does not immediately impact exercise performance during a treadmill-based GXT using healthy college students.

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Blood Lactate Measurements and Analysis during Exercise: A Guide for Clinicians

Cited by 411 publications

References 76 publications

A Single Bout of High-Intensity Interval Training Reduces Awareness of Subsequent Hypoglycemia in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes

A Single Bout of High-Intensity Interval Training Reduces Awareness of Subsequent Hypoglycemia in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes

Characterization of Electron Mediator Preference of Aerococcus viridans-Derived Lactate Oxidase for Use in Disposable Enzyme Sensor Strips

Thoracolumbar spinal manipulation and the immediate impact on exercise performance

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