Blood Lactate and Metabolic Responses to Controlled Frequency Breathing During Graded Swimming

West, Sharon A.; DRUMMOND, MICAH J.; VanNess, J. Mark; Ciccolella, Margaret E.

doi:10.1519/00124278-200511000-00008

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Blood lactate concentrations after the tethered test were similar to those obtained after free swimming. This finding contradicts the idea that to remain stationary, the swimmer relies mostly on fast glycolytic muscle fibers, thereby increasing the production and diffusion of lactic acid into the blood (32). Furthermore, similar responses were also observed for maximal HR and the RPE between tests.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 63%

Tethered Swimming Can Be Used to Evaluate Force Contribution for Short-Distance Swimming Performance

Morouço

Marinho

Keskinen

et al. 2014

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

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The purpose of this study was two-fold: (a) to compare stroke and the physiological responses between maximal tethered and free front crawl swimming and (b) to evaluate the contribution of force exertion for swimming performance over short distances. A total of 34 male swimmers, representing various levels of competitive performance, participated in this study. Each participant was tested in both a 30-second maximal tethered swimming test and a 50-m free swimming test. The tethered force parameters, the swimming speed, stroke (stroke rate [SR]), and the physiological responses (increase in blood lactate concentration [ΔBLa], heart rate, and rate of perceived exertion) were recorded and calculated. The results showed no differences in stroke and the physiological responses between tethered and free swimming, with a high level of agreement for the SR and ΔBLa. A strong correlation was obtained between the maximum impulse of force per stroke and the speed (r = 0.91; p < 0.001). Multiple regression analysis revealed that the maximum impulse and SR in the tethered condition explained 84% of the free swimming performance. The relationship between the swimming speed and maximum force tended to be nonlinear, whereas linear relationships were observed with the maximum impulse. This study demonstrates that tethered swimming does not significantly alter stroke and the physiological responses compared with free swimming, and that the maximum impulse per stroke should be used to evaluate the balance between force and the ability to effectively apply force during sprint swimming. Consequently, coaches can rely on tethered forces to identify strength deficits and improve swimming performance over short distances.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 63%

Tethered Swimming Can Be Used to Evaluate Force Contribution for Short-Distance Swimming Performance

Morouço

Marinho

Keskinen

et al. 2014

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

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“…Due to hypoxia conditions, it was speculated that high intensity workloads can be simulated at moderate intensities by RBF [31]. In the present study, the intensity at B10…”

Section: Fig 3 V · Co 2 During Sb (Closed Circles) and B10 (Open Trmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…Indeed, due to athletes' distress reported after the exercise with RBF, it has been speculated that high intensity workloads can be simulated at moderate intensities by RBF [31].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Can high intensity workloads be simulated at moderate intensities by reduced breathing frequency?

Kapus¹,

Kapus²,

Štrumbelj³

et al. 2010

Biol Sport

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“…It has been claimed that the Wingate test does not reflect the specificity of swimming; therefore, the semitethered swimming test (STS), enabling the use of various swimming styles, has been often employed [24]. Morouco et al [16] applied the 30-s STS and found that the swimming force (minimum, maximum or mean) was highly correlated with velocity at 50 and 200 m distances; they recommended that test to predict swimming velocity at those distances.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anaerobic capacity of upper extremity muscles of male and female swimmers

Ogonowska¹,

Hϋbner-Woźniak²,

Kosmol³

et al. 2009

Biomedical Human Kinetics

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SummaryStudy aim: To assess the anaerobic capacity of upper extremity muscles of male and female swimmers by applying two exercise tests. Material and methods: Male and female swimmers (n = 9 and 6, respectively), aged 19 -23 years and having training experience of over 10 years, were subjected to two tests: 30-s Wingate for upper extremities and semitethered swimming test. The following variables were determined: body fat content (from 4 skinfolds), maximum power output, heart rate (HR) and lactate (LA) concentration in blood.Results: Relative power outputs in the Wingate test and swimming force in semi-tethered swimming test (maximum and mean) were significantly (p<0.001) higher in male than in the female swimmers. Maximum LA concentrations were higher in male than in female swimmers, but maximum LA values related to relative power output were in both genders alike. Maximum force produced in the semi-tethered swimming test was strongly (r = 0.765; p<0.001) correlated with maximum relative power output in the Wingate test. Conclusions: Both tests may be interchangeably applied to determine the anaerobic capacity of upper extremity muscles in swimmers.

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Blood Lactate and Metabolic Responses to Controlled Frequency Breathing During Graded Swimming

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Tethered Swimming Can Be Used to Evaluate Force Contribution for Short-Distance Swimming Performance

Tethered Swimming Can Be Used to Evaluate Force Contribution for Short-Distance Swimming Performance

Can high intensity workloads be simulated at moderate intensities by reduced breathing frequency?

Anaerobic capacity of upper extremity muscles of male and female swimmers

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