Blood Ketones Are Directly Related to Fatigue and Perceived Effort during Exercise in Overweight Adults Adhering to Low-Carbohydrate Diets for Weight Loss: A Pilot Study

White, Andrea; Johnston, Carol S.; Swan, Pamela D.; Tjonn, Sherrie L; Sears, B.

doi:10.1016/j.jada.2007.07.009

Cited by 40 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Finally, the production of ketone bodies could be involved in improving mood, decreasing pain sensation, and promoting neuro-neuronal protection against hypoglycemia and different types of brain damage (Brown, 2007;Maalouf et al, 2009;White et al, 2007) possibly through anticonvulsant properties (Gasior et al, 2007;Hasebe et al, 2010;Likhodii et al, 2003;Zarnowska et al, 2009). Further studies are needed to determine the role of ketone bodies in the neurobiological effects of fasting.…”

Section: The Neurobiology Of Mood Improvement During Fastingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fasting in mood disorders: neurobiology and effectiveness. A review of the literature

Fond

Macgregor

Leboyer

et al. 2013

Psychiatry Research

122

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ABSTRACT. Clinicians have found that fasting was frequently accompanied by an increased level of vigilance and a mood improvement, a subjective feeling of wellbeing, and sometimes of euphoria. Therapeutic fasting, following an established protocol, is safe and well tolerated.We aim in this article to explore the biological mechanisms activated during fasting that could have an effect on brain function with particular focus on mood (we do not discuss here the mechanisms regulating eating behavior) and to provide a comprehensive review on the potential positive impact of therapeutic fasting on mood. We explored Medline ,Web of Science and PsycInfo according to the PRISMA criteria (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis). The initial research paradigm was: [(fasting OR caloric restriction) AND (mental health OR depressive disorders OR mood OR anxiety)].Many neurobiological mechanisms have been proposed to explain fasting effects on mood, such as changes in neurotransmitters, quality of sleep, synthesis of neurotrophic factors.Many clinical observations relate an early (between day 2 and day 7) effect of fasting on depressive symptoms with an improvement in mood, alertness and a sense of tranquility reported by patients. The persistence of mood improvement over time remains to be determined.

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Section: The Neurobiology Of Mood Improvement During Fastingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fasting in mood disorders: neurobiology and effectiveness. A review of the literature

Fond

Macgregor

Leboyer

et al. 2013

Psychiatry Research

122

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Finally, the production of ketone bodies could be involved in improving mood, decreasing pain sensation, and promoting protection against hypoglycemia and different types of brain damage [73,74,75], possibly through anticonvulsant properties [76,77,78,79]. Interestingly, recent studies [79,80] have pointed to promising therapeutic effects of the ketogenic diet, not only in seizure prevention but also in degenerative and inflammatory neurological diseases, such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and multiple sclerosis.…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Fasting Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fasting Therapy for Treating and Preventing Disease - Current State of Evidence

Michalsen

2013

Complement Med Res

112

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Periods of deliberate fasting with restriction of solid food intake are practiced worldwide, mostly based on traditional, cultural or religious reasons. There is large empirical and observational evidence that medically supervised modified fasting (fasting cure, 200-500 kcal nutritional intake per day) with periods of 7-21 days is efficacious in the treatment of rheumatic diseases, chronic pain syndromes, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome. The beneficial effects of fasting followed by vegetarian diet in rheumatoid arthritis are confirmed by randomized controlled trials. Further beneficial effects of fasting are supported by observational data and abundant evidence from experimental research which found caloric restriction and intermittent fasting being associated with deceleration or prevention of most chronic degenerative and chronic inflammatory diseases. Intermittent fasting may also be useful as an accompanying treatment during chemotherapy of cancer. A further beneficial effect of fasting relates to improvements in sustainable lifestyle modification and adoption of a healthy diet, possibly mediated by fasting-induced mood enhancement. Various identified mechanisms of fasting point to its potential health-promoting effects, e.g., fasting-induced neuroendocrine activation and hormetic stress response, increased production of neurotrophic factors, reduced mitochondrial oxidative stress, general decrease of signals associated with aging, and promotion of autophagy. Fasting therapy might contribute to the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases and should be further evaluated in controlled clinical trials and observational studies.

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“…Although a diet high in fat obviously leads to ketogenesis, the efficacy of the Atkins diet is now believed to be due to the restrictive food choice, and not ketogenesis [3]. Early discussions of the Atkins diet proposed that strict adherence could lead to ketoacidosis [48]. This was typified by a case report published in the Lancet, where Chen et al described a 40-year-old female, who after following an Atkins style diet for 1 month, displayed a serum β-hydroxybutyrate concentration of 390 μg/mL (normal range: 0-44 μg/mL) and an apparently associated state of ketoacidosis [6].…”

Section: The Atkins Dietmentioning

confidence: 99%

The biochemistry of ketogenesis and its role in weight management, neurological disease and oxidative stress

McPherson

McEneny

2011

J Physiol Biochem

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Ketogenesis is the branch of mammalian metabolism concerned with the synthesis of ketone bodies. In this process, the small, water-soluble compounds acetoacetate, D-3-β-hydroxybutyrate and propanone are produced by the liver in response to reduced glucose availability. Although ketone bodies are always present at a low level in healthy individuals, dietary manipulation and certain pathological conditions can increase the levels of these compounds in vivo. In some instances, such as in refractory epilepsy, high levels of ketone bodies can be beneficial-in this instance, by exerting an anticonvulsant effect. Conversely, if the levels of ketones rise to supraphysiological levels, as can occur in diabetes mellitus, a state of ketoacidosis can occur, which has serious consequences for cellular function. More recently, research has identified a possible link between ketogenesis and free radical-mediated pathologies, highlighting the potential application of ketogenic diets to the treatment of conditions such as Alzheimer's disease. Overall, an understanding of ketone body metabolism and its links to human disease may prove to be vital in developing new regimens for the treatment of human disease.

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Blood Ketones Are Directly Related to Fatigue and Perceived Effort during Exercise in Overweight Adults Adhering to Low-Carbohydrate Diets for Weight Loss: A Pilot Study

Cited by 40 publications

References 37 publications

Fasting in mood disorders: neurobiology and effectiveness. A review of the literature

Fasting in mood disorders: neurobiology and effectiveness. A review of the literature

Fasting Therapy for Treating and Preventing Disease - Current State of Evidence

The biochemistry of ketogenesis and its role in weight management, neurological disease and oxidative stress

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