Blood glucose and plasma insulin responses to xylitol administrated intravenously in dogs

The potential use of xylitol in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency anemia

“…Similar results were found in dogs (48), rabbits (49), and humans (50) with different xylitol dosage. Therefore, the maintenance of the hematocrit was not due to increased serum glucose, but likely from the effect of xylitol per se.…”

Retrospective evaluation of xylitol ingestion in dogs: 192 cases (2007–2012)

“…Hypoglycemia is a well‐known side effect of xylitol ingestion in dogs and has been documented in several experimental and clinical studies . It is known that xylitol is absorbed rapidly from the gastrointestinal tract of dogs, reaching peak plasma concentrations within 30 minutes of ingestion, and stimulating a dose‐related insulinemia . Plasma concentrations of insulin increase sharply within 20 minutes of ingestion and reach peak concentrations at 40 minutes .…”

“…Plasma concentrations of insulin increase sharply within 20 minutes of ingestion and reach peak concentrations at 40 minutes . Hypoglycemia commonly develops within 30 – 60 minutes of ingestion …”

Blood glucose and liver function in dogs administered a xylitol drinking water additive at zero, one and five times dosage rates

“…7 This theory is based on the observation that dogs given intravenous xylitol demonstrated a dose dependant release of insulin that resulted in a concurrent drop in blood glucose. 6,12,13 After a toxic dose of xylitol is ingested by dogs, the initial sign is vomiting, followed by lethargy, ataxia, collapse, and seizures. 7 Hypoglycemia with hypokalemia (insulin causes potassium to move into cells with the glucose) and hypophosphatemia (insulin can increase cellular permeability to phosphate ions) is the physiological outcome.…”