Blood glucose and plasma insulin in response to maximal exercise and glucose infusion

Hermansen, Lars; Pruett, Esther D. R.; Osnes, Jan‐Bjørn; Giere, Frederic A.

doi:10.1152/jappl.1970.29.1.13

Cited by 56 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…To a large extent, these modulations seem to be related to the difference in carbohydrate supply. A carbohydrate-rich diet (65) as well as glucose administration (7, 32,40, 56, 61) reduce responses of hormones related to mobilization of energy reserves (catecholamines (32,56,65), glucagon (7, 61), somatotropin (65), cortisol(32)); instead of a drop in the insulin level an increase occurs (40,61,65,72). The opposite effect is peculiar to low carbohydrate and lipid-rich diets (35, 65), fasting (34, 35) and cases of decreased glycogen stores (5).…”

Section: 'mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plasma Hormones and Physical Exercise

Viru¹

1992

Int J Sports Med

124

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The analysis of published data allowed us to establish main traits of blood hormone responses to exercises: There are stable changes in hormone levels that are common to all persons, as well as changes which are characterized by a polyphasic pattern and exhibiting inter-individual variability. By the response rate it is possible to discriminate fast responses, responses of a modest rate and delayed responses. Accordingly, mechanisms for a rapid and for a delayed activation exist. The changes mediated through the mechanism for a rapid activation depend on the intensity of exercise, revealing the threshold intensity for endocrine response. When a certain amount of exercise is done, the hormonal responses are triggered despite the under-threshold intensity of exercise. Consequently, a threshold duration of exercise also exists. Through training the threshold intensity of exercise increases and the functional capacities of the endocrine systems augment. The former results in the disappearance of hormonal responses during exercise intensity which was previously above the threshold. The latter makes it possible to achieve especially pronounced and long-lasting hormonal changes during extreme exercises. Emotional states as well as environmental conditions, and carbohydrate supply modulate the hormonal changes in exercise.

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Section: 'mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…of exercises may result in an increase in the insulin level (1,40). In this regard it was suggested that any measurement of insulin concentration not carried out while the subject is still exercising may be misleading, because the insulin level increases immediately upon cessation of exercise (73).…”

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confidence: 99%

Plasma Hormones and Physical Exercise

Viru¹

1992

Int J Sports Med

124

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“…Insulin secretion is inhibited by increased sympathetic nervous system activity via a-adrenergic receptors, and plasma insulin concentrations decline to low levels (6,(23)(24)(25). This results in increased lipolysis in adipose tissue and increased hepatic glucose production (26,27).…”

Section: Ls Hortonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role and Management of Exercise in Diabetes Mellitus

Horton

1988

Diabetes Care

111

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As more is understood about the physiology of exercise, in both normal and diabetic subjects, its role in the treatment of diabetes is becoming better defined. Whereas people with diabetes may derive many benefits from regular physical exercise, there are also several hazards that make exercise difficult to manage. In type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes, there are risks of hypoglycemia during or after exercise or of worsening metabolic control if insulin deficiency is present. Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients treated with sulfonylureas are also at some increased risk of developing hypoglycemia during or after exercise, although this poses less of a problem than with insulin treatment. In individuals treated by diet alone, regulation of blood glucose during exercise is usually not a significant problem and exercise can be used as an adjunct to diet to achieve weight loss and improved insulin sensitivity. When obese type II diabetic patients are treated with very low calorie diets, adequate amounts of carbohydrate must be provided to ensure maintenance of normal muscle glycogen content, particularly if individuals wish to participate in highintensity exercise that places a heavy workload on specific muscle groups. On the other hand, moderateintensity exercise such as vigorous walking can be tolerated by individuals on very low calorie, carbohydrate-restricted diets after an appropriate period of adaptation. A number of strategies can be employed to avoid hypoglycemia in type I diabetic patients, and both type I and II diabetic patients should be examined carefully for long-term complications of their disease, which may be made worse by exercise. These considerations have led many diabetologists to consider exercise beneficial in the management of diabetes for

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“…On the opposite, strenuous exercise causes a drop in plasma insulin concentration in man (Pruett 1970) and in rat (Federspil, Lefebvre and Luyckx 1969). However, even during maximal exercise performed in spontaneous or induced hyperglycemia, the normal relationship between the plasma concentrations of glucose and insulin was not obviously altered (Hennansen, Pruett, Osnes andGiere 1970, Pruett andOseid 1970).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Labelled Insulin Catabolism and Pancreatic Responsiveness During Long-Term Exercise in Man

Franckson¹,

Vanroux²,

Leclercq³

et al. 1971

Horm Metab Res

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Most studies coneerning the influence of exercise on insulin secretion, only dealt with the level of plasma IRI. Dur aim was to measure both insulin catabolism and pancreatic responsiveness.Muscular exercise (bicycle ergometer, Power 80 W, workload 40% of max V02), maintained in steady state of ven-. tilation during 40 min, was performed by several groups of normal subjects. The following results were obtained.(1) In normoglycemia or in hyperglycemia caused by glucose infusion, exercise induced no decrease in plasma IRI level Hl The metabolie clearance rate of a constant infusion of I-insulin (0.2 atom I/mol) showed a reduction averaging 17% whereas no change in extracellular spaee could be detected. This decrease in insulin catabolism was associated with a similar decrease in the clearanee rates of labelIed hippuran and BSP. (3) Insulin response to glucagon injection was markedly reduced. (4) Plasma norepinephrine levels were increased.In conclusion, the absenee of change in plasma IRI level often described in non strenuous exercise results from the balance of two antagonistic phenomena: a decreased secretion rate probably related to the release of endogenous catecholamines and a decreased catabolic rate, apparently due to changes in liver and kidney haemodynamics. Horm. Metab. Res. 3: 366·373 (1971) K e y -W 0 r d s: Exercise -Plas1TU1 Glucose -PlaS1TU1 Insulin -LabelIed Insulin Catabolillm -Response to Glu· cagon -BSP -Hippuran -Catecholamines IntroductionMost studies concerning the influence of muscular exercise on insulin metabolism only dealt with estimations of plasma insulin concentrations. The results depended on the importance of the work load and on the duration of its performance. In normal subjects, mild exercise or moderate exercise of short duration elicits no systematic or significant change in the level of plasma insulin (Rasio, Malaisse, Franckson and Conard 1966, Cochran, Marbach, Poucher, Steinberg and Gwinup 1966, Schalch 1967

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Blood glucose and plasma insulin in response to maximal exercise and glucose infusion

Cited by 56 publications

References 0 publications

Plasma Hormones and Physical Exercise

Plasma Hormones and Physical Exercise

Role and Management of Exercise in Diabetes Mellitus

Labelled Insulin Catabolism and Pancreatic Responsiveness During Long-Term Exercise in Man

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