Blood gases, pH and hematology of montane and lowland coot embryos

Carey, Cynthia; Dunin-Borkowski, Olga; León‐Velarde, Fabiola; Espinoza, Daniel Alonso; Monge, Carlos

doi:10.1016/0034-5687(93)90002-r

Cited by 19 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…[43] showed that the Hb concentration is the most important factor responsible for ensuring oxygen concentration in the blood under hypoxic conditions. In the present study, we found that the hypoxic environment significantly increased the Hb levels on day 14 compared to the normoxia group in AACs, and similar changes in Hb have also been observed in avian embryos [44]. Furthermore, an increasing tendency in the RBC number, Hb level and Hct values was observed at days 10~14 in both the AAC and TBC groups during the entire experiment.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

High altitude hypoxia as a factor that promotes tibial growth plate development in broiler chickens

et al. 2017

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Tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) is one of the most common problems in the poultry industry and leads to lameness by affecting the proximal growth plate of the tibia. However, due to the unique environmental and geographical conditions of Tibet, no case of TD has been reported in Tibetan chickens (TBCs). The present study was designed to investigate the effect of high altitude hypoxia on blood parameters and tibial growth plate development in chickens using the complete blood count, morphology, and histological examination. The results of this study showed an undesirable impact on the overall performance, body weight, and mortality of Arbor Acres chickens (AACs) exposed to a high altitude hypoxic environment. However, AACs raised under hypoxic conditions showed an elevated number of red blood cells (RBCs) and an increase in hemoglobin and hematocrit values on day 14 compared to the hypobaric normoxia group. Notably, the morphology and histology analyses showed that the size of tibial growth plates in AACs was enlarged and that the blood vessel density was also higher after exposure to the hypoxic environment for 14 days, while no such change was observed in TBCs. Altogether, our results revealed that the hypoxic environment has a potentially new role in increasing the blood vessel density of proximal tibial growth plates to strengthen and enhance the size of the growth plates, which may provide new insights for the therapeutic manipulation of hypoxia in poultry TD.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

High altitude hypoxia as a factor that promotes tibial growth plate development in broiler chickens

et al. 2017

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“…However, most wild birds (see Carey et al 1989a for exception) breeding up to 4,100 m have physiological mechanisms for facilitating O 2 transport in hypoxic conditions, with the result that O 2 consumption, hatchling mass, incubation periods, and mortality rates are independent of altitude (Carey et al 1982, 1994). These mechanisms include increased hemoglobin concentrations and hematocrits (proportion of red blood cells in blood volume) (Carey et al 1993, 1994), but other mechanisms undoubtedly exist that remain to be described.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At altitudes above 3,600 m, no possible modification of shell structure can create gaseous conditions similar to those at sea level. Therefore, the physiological properties of the embryo must become progressively more important for fostering growth and development in the abnormal gaseous conditions found inside the egg (hypoxia, hypocapnia, and dehydration) above 4,000 m (Carey et al 1989a,b, Carey, Dunin‐Borkowski, Leon‐Velarde, Espinosa & Monge 1993).…”

Section: Problems Of Gas Exchange At High Altitudementioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological ecology of incubation of ptarmigan eggs at high and low altitudes

Carey

Martin²

1997

Wildlife Biology

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The broad altitudinal distribution of ptarmigan Lagopus spp. makes this group an excellent model with which to ask how morphological and physiological specializations foster successful reproduction of birds at their distributional limits. Eggshell conductance and permeability to gases, shell surface area, shell thickness, daily water loss, and egg volume were measured in willow ptarmigan Lagopus lagopus breeding at 720 m a.s.l. and whitetailed ptarmigan Lagopus leucurus breeding between 3,600 and 4,100 m a.s.l. Of these characteristics, only egg volume and shell surface area differed significantly between the two species. Since the rate of daily water loss is similar at the two breeding locations, embryos develop in similar hydric environments inside the shell. High altitude embryos facilitate oxygen delivery with acclimatory adjustments in certain cardiovascular and cellular characteristics.

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