Blood flow restriction and cuff width: effect on blood flow in the legs

Mouser, J. Grant; Dankel, Scott J.; Mattocks, Kevin T.; Jessee, Matthew B.; Buckner, Samuel L.; Abe, Takashi; Loenneke, Jeremy P.

doi:10.1111/cpf.12504

Cited by 20 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Our results for visit 1 show that the relationship between cuff-induced pressure and blood flow in the superficial femoral artery is nonlinear when measured in a seated position. This is contrary to the findings of Mouser et al (27), who reported a linear blood flow/pressure relationship in the posterior tibial artery, however, consistent with a previously reported (17) nonlinear blood flow/pressure relationship in the brachial artery. Both studies were performed in the supine position (17,27).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 58%

“…Measurement of AOP in the posterior tibial artery has been reported to increase from the supine to seated position (26). Arterial blood flow has been reported to decrease with increasing cuff pressure in a linear fashion in the posterior tibial artery in the supine position (27) as opposed to a nonlinear fashion in the brachial artery in a standing position (28). Further research is needed to determine if blood flow response in the lower extremities is linear or nonlinear in a seated position.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Cuff Pressure on Blood Flow during Blood Flow–restricted Rest and Exercise

Crossley

Porter

Ellsworth

et al. 2019

Medicine &Amp; Science in Sports &Amp; Exercise

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the blood flow/pressure relationship (linear or nonlinear) in the superficial femoral artery when seated, as well as to investigate blood flow changes with exercise using varying cuff pressures and a preexercise (PE) condition. The presence of venous outflow with occlusion at rest and exercise was also investigated. Methods: Twenty-three subjects visited the lab on 3 occasions. First to determine linearity of blood flow using 0% to 90% arterial occlusion pressure (AOP), and venous outflow at rest and during exercise with cuff inflated to 40% AOP. Subsequent visits compared blood flow between rest and PE conditions to determine average blood flow, heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure changes in response to a blood flow-restricted (BFR) exercise protocol. Results: Blood flow/pressure relationship is nonlinear at the superficial femoral artery (p < 0.01). No significant differences in average blood flow, conductance or mean arterial pressure (MAP) were found between 30% to 80% AOP (p = 1.0 to .08). Blood flow is not significantly different between rest and PE groups (p = 0.49) although initial 40% AOP and 40% exercise arterial occlusion pressure (EAOP) values were different between rest and PE groups. (p < 0.01). Conclusion: The nonlinear relationship at the superficial femoral artery demonstrates higher cuff pressures are not necessary to reduce blood flow in BFR exercise of the lower extremity. Furthermore, PE or warm-up is not necessary prior to determining EAOP as it does not alter blood flow responses during BFR exercise. We found evidence of venous outflow above the cuff both at rest and during exercise at 40% AOP.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 58%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Cuff Pressure on Blood Flow during Blood Flow–restricted Rest and Exercise

Crossley

Porter

Ellsworth

et al. 2019

Medicine &Amp; Science in Sports &Amp; Exercise

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…However, various moderator variables can influence the cuff pressure: Cuff width : wide BFR-cuffs restrict arterial blood flow more than narrow BFR-cuffs using the same cuff pressure. Therefore, the cuff pressure should be applied relative to the cuff width [ 214 , 215 , 218 , 219 , 220 , 221 , 222 ]. Cuff material : it might be that the cuff material has an impact on the arterial blood flow restriction [ 211 ].…”

Section: Resistance Training With Blood Flow Restriction—an Added mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cuff width : wide BFR-cuffs restrict arterial blood flow more than narrow BFR-cuffs using the same cuff pressure. Therefore, the cuff pressure should be applied relative to the cuff width [ 214 , 215 , 218 , 219 , 220 , 221 , 222 ].…”

Section: Resistance Training With Blood Flow Restriction—an Added mentioning

confidence: 99%

Strengthening the Brain—Is Resistance Training with Blood Flow Restriction an Effective Strategy for Cognitive Improvement?

Törpel

Herold

Hamacher

et al. 2018

JCM

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Aging is accompanied by a decrease in physical capabilities (e.g., strength loss) and cognitive decline. The observed bidirectional relationship between physical activity and brain health suggests that physical activities could be beneficial to maintain and improve brain functioning (e.g., cognitive performance). However, the exercise type (e.g., resistance training, endurance training) and their exercise variables (e.g., load, duration, frequency) for an effective physical activity that optimally enhance cognitive performance are still unknown. There is growing evidence that resistance training induces substantial brain changes which contribute to improved cognitive functions. A relative new method in the field of resistance training is blood flow restriction training (BFR). While resistance training with BFR is widely studied in the context of muscular performance, this training strategy also induces an activation of signaling pathways associated with neuroplasticity and cognitive functions. Based on this, it seems reasonable to hypothesize that resistance training with BFR is a promising new strategy to boost the effectiveness of resistance training interventions regarding cognitive performance. To support our hypothesis, we provide rationales of possible adaptation processes induced by resistance training with BFR. Furthermore, we outline recommendations for future studies planning to investigate the effects of resistance training with BFR on cognition.

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“…For example, individualized applied pressures during BFR exercise can be derived from measures of limb occlusion pressure (LOP) or arterial occlusion pressure (AOP), usually as a percentage of this value 15 . These individualized pressures are favorable when applying cuff pressure during BFR exercise, as they help address some of the variability in restriction caused by differences in the equipment used, such as differing cuff widths, when set at the same absolute pressure 16 . Still, only recently has research begun to define minimal threshold pressure ranges suitable to attain the relevant acute affects needed for muscular adaptation to BFR exercise 17 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is there rationale for the cuff pressures prescribed for blood flow restriction exercise? A systematic review

Clarkson

May

Warmington

2020

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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Background Blood flow restriction exercise has increasingly broad applications among healthy and clinical populations. Ensuring the technique is applied in a safe, controlled, and beneficial way for target populations is essential. Individualized cuff pressures are a favored method for achieving this. However, there remains marked inconsistency in how individualized cuff pressures are applied. Objectives To quantify the cuff pressures used in the broader blood flow restriction exercise literature, and determine whether there is clear justification for the choice of pressure prescribed. Methods Studies were included in this review from database searches if they employed an experimental design using original data, involved either acute or chronic exercise using blood flow restriction, and they assessed limb or arterial occlusion pressure to determine an individualized cuff pressure. Methodologies of the studies were evaluated using a bespoke quality assessment tool. Results Fifty‐one studies met the inclusion criteria. Individualized cuff pressures ranged from 30% to 100% arterial occlusion pressure. Only 7 out of 52 studies attempted to justify the individualized cuff pressure applied during exercise. The mean quality rating for all studies was 11.1 ± 1.2 out of 13. Conclusions The broader blood flow restriction exercise literature uses markedly heterogeneous prescription variables despite using individualized cuff pressures. This is problematic in the absence of any clear justification for the individualized cuff pressures selected. Systematically measuring and reporting all relevant acute responses and training adaptations to the full spectrum of BFR pressures alongside increased clarity around the methodology used during blood flow restriction exercise is paramount.

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Blood flow restriction and cuff width: effect on blood flow in the legs

Abstract: As long as relative pressures are applied, cuff width appears to have little to no effect on the blood flow stimulus during blood flow restriction at rest.

Cited by 20 publications

References 22 publications

Effect of Cuff Pressure on Blood Flow during Blood Flow–restricted Rest and Exercise

Effect of Cuff Pressure on Blood Flow during Blood Flow–restricted Rest and Exercise

Strengthening the Brain—Is Resistance Training with Blood Flow Restriction an Effective Strategy for Cognitive Improvement?

Is there rationale for the cuff pressures prescribed for blood flow restriction exercise? A systematic review

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