Blood Flow in the Foreign-Body Capsules Surrounding Surgically Implanted Subcutaneous Devices

Abstract

BACKGROUND-Surgically implanted devices initiate inflammatory mechanisms and wound healing events and result in the formation of a thick fibrotic capsule that surrounds the device. To investigate the foreign-body response to devices of clinically relevant size, we used microspheres to determine regional blood flow patterns in the foreign-body capsule (FBC) and surrounding subcutaneous tissue after device implantation.

The impact of surface chemistry modification on macrophage polarisation

“…Often this results in a cascade of inflammatory and fibrotic events known as the foreign body response (FBR) (Bartoli and Godleski, 2010). FBR begins with protein adsorption on the implant surface, which promotes the adhesion of monocytes and macrophages (Shen et al, 2004).…”

Direct Measurement of Blood Flow in Microvessels Grown in Matrigel In Vivo

“…When appropriately sized microspheres are used, regional blood flow is proportional to the number of microspheres trapped in a tissue of interest [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. A calibrated reference blood sample allows the calculation of specific blood flows in mL/min/g of tissue of interest [9,14].…”

“…Over the past 40 y, the microsphere method has been used extensively in laboratory animals to quantify tissue-specific blood flow [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Small diameter microspheres injected into the left atrium mix with blood in the left ventricle distribute throughout the body according to systemic blood flow patterns and become trapped in capillaries of end organs.…”

“…The quantity of microspheres lodged in the tissue of interest is proportional to a calibrated reference blood flow sample that allows the precise calculation of regional blood flow in mL/ min/g of tissue [11,14]. With this technique, radioactive-labeled [14,15], fluorescent-labeled [6][7][8][9][10], and neutron-activated [13] microspheres have been used to determine regional tissue blood flow in acute and chronic preparations.…”

“…More recent reports have documented repeated microsphere injections in large-animal models to serially and accurately determine tissue-specific blood flows over an extended protocol of weeks or months in the same animal [7][8][9]12]. These preparations facilitated the examination of both immediate and long-term effects of pathologic, pharmacologic, and environmental influences over blood flow in multiple vascular beds.…”