Blood flow in glaucoma

Grieshaber, Matthias C.; Flammer, Josef

doi:10.1097/01.icu.0000156134.38495.0b

Cited by 236 publications

(165 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP) is a primary risk factor for glaucoma; however, the disease progresses in a large portion of patients despite therapeutic intervention to lower IOP, and a subset of glaucoma patients exhibit optic neuropathy despite normal IOP (36). Therefore, other factors such as an abnormal regulation of ocular blood flow might be associated with the pathogenesis of this disease (1,37).…”

Section: Neurovascular Interactions In Glaucomamentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurovascular Interactions in the Retina: Physiological and Pathological Roles

et al. 2013

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Abstract. Increasing evidence suggests that the complex interactions among multiple cell types including neuronal, glial, and vascular cells, are critical for maintaining adequate cerebral blood flow that is necessary for normal brain function and survival. The disturbance of these interactions contributes to the pathogenesis of central nervous system disorders such as stroke and Alzheimer's disease. The retina is part of the central nervous system, and the properties of vasculature in the retina are similar to those in the brain. The interactions among multiple cell types in the retina also play an important role in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis, and the impairment of interactions can contribute to the onset and/or progression of retinal diseases. In this review, we describe the neurovascular interactions in the retina and alternations of interactions in pathological conditions such as diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma.

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Section: Neurovascular Interactions In Glaucomamentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurovascular Interactions in the Retina: Physiological and Pathological Roles

et al. 2013

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“…Impairment of retinal and choroidal circulation contributes to the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (1, 2) and glaucoma (3,4). Therefore, improvement of the impaired retinal / choroidal circulation would be one of the strategies of drug therapy for such ocular diseases.…”

Section: +mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because circulation in the fundus plays an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (1,2) and glaucoma (3,4), retinal and choroidal blood flow has been clinically assessed using laser-Doppler and laser-speckle techniques and so on. To develop novel therapeutics and strategies for improving ocular circulation, much information on retinal / choroidal blood flow obtained from in vivo experimentation using animal models with / without ocular diseases is needed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intravenously Administered Vasodilatory Prostaglandins Increase Retinal and Choroidal Blood Flow in Rats

et al. 2007

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Abstract. We established an experimental system for measuring blood flow in the rat fundus and examined whether intravenously administered vasodilatory prostaglandins (PGE 1 , PGE 2 , and PGI 2 ), 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)-cAMP (a cAMP analogue), and nicardipine (a Ca 2+ -channel blocker) increase fundus blood flow (FBF). Under artificial ventilation, rats were injected with tetrodotoxin (50 µg / kg, i.v.) to eliminate any nerve activity and prevent movement of the eye.After tetrodotoxin, the rats were infused with norepinephrine (0.3 -0.5 µg ⋅ kg) and) simultaneously to maintain adequate systemic circulation.We found that intravenous infusion of PGE 1 (2 -10 µg ⋅ kg), and PGI 2 (1 -10 µg ⋅ kg −1 ⋅ min −1 ) increased the FBF in a dose-dependent manner. The vasodilatory PGs decreased arterial pressure, whereas they did not affect heart rate. Like vasodilatory PGs, 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)-cAMP (30 µmol / kg, i.v.) increased FBF and decreased arterial pressure. While infusion of nicardipine (0.3 -3 µg ⋅ kg −1 ⋅ min −1 ) produced comparable depressor responses with those to vasodilatory PGs and the cAMP analogue, it did not increase FBF. These results suggest that vasodilatory PGs and cAMP act more selectively than Ca 2+ -channel blockers on retinal / choroidal blood vessels. Therefore, the vasodilatory PGs might be considered to be possible candidates for the therapeutics to treat disorders of retinal / choroidal circulation.

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“…Vasospasm and altered haemodynamics are known to be relevant in glaucoma pathogenesis especially normal tension glaucoma. 20,21 Systemic and topical instillation of fasudil improved impaired optic nerve head perfusion in studies indicating role of rhokinase inhibitors in addressing this presumed pathogenic factor in certain types of glaucoma. 3.…”

Section: Improve Blood Flow To the Optic Nervementioning

confidence: 99%

Rhokinase Inhibitors novel Potential Treatment Modality for Glaucoma

Dhillon¹

2016

DJO

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Rhokinase inhibitors is a new class of drug under trial that improve the outflow facility through conventional path way by inhibiting the contractile tone of actin cytoskeleton. They additionally protect trabecular meshwork from oxidative stress, improve Optic Nerve head blood flow, facilitate corneal endothelium wound healing, increase ganglion cell survival and reduce scarring in glaucoma surgery.

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Blood flow in glaucoma

Cited by 236 publications

References 49 publications

Neurovascular Interactions in the Retina: Physiological and Pathological Roles

Neurovascular Interactions in the Retina: Physiological and Pathological Roles

Intravenously Administered Vasodilatory Prostaglandins Increase Retinal and Choroidal Blood Flow in Rats

Rhokinase Inhibitors novel Potential Treatment Modality for Glaucoma

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