Blood Donor Sera With False-Positive Western Blot Reactions to Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Biberfeld, Gunnel; Bredberg-Rådén, Ulla; Böttiger, Blenda; Putkonen, Per-Olof; Blomberg, Jonas; Juto, Per; Wadell, Göran

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(86)92111-2

Cited by 93 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The band patterns identifed by Western blot in samples from donors who were reported as indeterminate were stable during the follow-up period. This is in line with findings by others [2,10,11] who concluded that such donors are prob ably not infected with HIV. Six donors were identified as being positive for HIV antibodies, and the resulting rates of carriers of HIV in Saudi national donors as well as in ex patriate donors were of a magnitude comparing favorably with figures presented by others [2].…”

supporting

confidence: 93%

HIV Antibody Screening in a Saudi Arabian Blood Donor Population: 5 Years Experience

Bernvil¹,

Sheth²,

Ellis³

et al. 1991

Vox Sanguinis

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supporting

confidence: 93%

HIV Antibody Screening in a Saudi Arabian Blood Donor Population: 5 Years Experience

Bernvil¹,

Sheth²,

Ellis³

et al. 1991

Vox Sanguinis

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“…4 The Abbott CEIA uses p24 and gp41 antigens that have been produced by recombinant DNA technology. Because of this, there is little danger of cross reactivity with normal cellular components.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative evaluation of particle agglutination test for antibody to human immunodeficiency virus.

Sng

Tan

Chik

1988

Sexually Transmitted Infections

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SUMMARY A comparative evaluation of a new serological test for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was carried out. The test used the agglutination of gelatin particles coated with HIV antigen. It was found to be more sensitive than current enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) and more specific than the western blot test. Because of its simplicity, it promises to be of value, especially in developing countries.Enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for antibody to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are widely used to diagnose and control HIV infection. Many of these tests have high levels of sensitivity and specificity.' Although these tests are useful, they are technically difficult to perform and require expensive equipment, such as a spectrophotometer and a plate washer.A new serological test that overcomes many ofthese problems has been described.2 It is an agglutination assay in which tanned gelatin particles have been coated with HIV antigen. The test involves a one step reaction of antibody to antigen. The particles are dyed so that the results can be read visually.After a preliminary evaluation had shown that the test was promising, we carried out a more extensive study. This paper presents our findings. Materials and methodsThe particle agglutination test was supplied by Fujirebio Inc, Tokyo. The kit came with a microtitre plate, two reagent droppers, and the necessary reagents. Basically, the test consisted of preparing serum dilutions in the microtitre plate, and adding sensitised and unsensitised particles to the appropriate serum dilutions. After being incubated for two hours, the plate was read macroscopically for agglutination.The test results were compared with those of the Abbott enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and Abbott recombinant EIA (REIA) The confirmatory tests used were the Diagnostic Biotechnology western blot, Commonwealth Serum Laboratories western blot, and the Abbott confirmatory EIA (CEIA). The Abbott CEIA uses a competitive immunoassay method in which polystyrene beads are separately coated with p24 and gp41 recombinant antigens. We tested for HIV antigen by a solid phase sandwich type enzyme immunoassay for p24 which was produced by Abbott Laboratories.The methods adopted for all the tests were according to the manufacturers' instructions. As not all the tests were available throughout the study period, the particle agglutination test was compared with those that were available at a particular time.The serum samples came from different sources. One batch of 400 was from routine samples sent for HIV screening during a three week period. These were from prostitutes, high risk groups, and other patients. Another 103 serum samples were collected during an 18 month period. They had shown either initial or repeated reactivity in the ELISA and had been kept at -20°C for confirmatory tests. Ten serum samples that gave positive results for antinuclear antibodies were also tested. We used two familiarisation serum panels (from Abbott Laboratories and Electro-Nucleonics). ResultsThe re...

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“…nitrocellulose. It seems likely that the latter technique is not optimally sensitive, moreover, false p24gag reactivity was found in individuals at low risk for AIDS, with no signs of HIV infection [15,16]. sera were found to have antibodies solely to gp 120/41 ( fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These evaluations have shown that, while some assays need to be refined, others offer the accuracy required for a satisfactory anti-HIV screening [13,14]. However, sever al reports have shown that isolated p24 reactivity in immunoblot can persist for years in individuals at low risk for AIDS, without signs of HIV infection [15,16],…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Early Anti-p24 HIV Responses in EIA- and Immunoblot-Negative Individuals

Huisman¹,

Winkel²,

Lelie³

et al. 1987

Vox Sanguinis

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A sensitive and specific radioimmunoprécipitation assay was developed for the detection and analysis of anti-HIV antibody response in human sera with the use of 125I-labelled purified HIV proteins with subsequent sodium-dodecylsulfate gel electrophoresis (125I-RIPA). The 125I-RIPA was shown to be as specific but at least 1 log more sensitive with respect to the detection of gp41^env and p24^gag than the immunoblot analysis as tested in serum samples from several risk groups. Sequential sera were obtained from 9 individuals who seroconverted for HIV antibodies. In 4 individuals, antibody to p24^gag was detected in earlier serum samples by the 125I-RIPA than by EIA or immunoblot; in the other 5 individuals, the detection of p24^gag concorded in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (EIA), immunoblot and 125I-RIPA. Moreover, in one of 78 randomly chosen EIA-negative sera from individuals at high risk, antibodies to p24^gag could be detected by the l25I-RIPA. This early seroconversion was confirmed 3 months later by means of immunoblotting and EIA. The specificity of the 125I-RIPA was further demonstrated by analyzing sequential EIA-negative serum samples from 10 individuals at risk for AIDS, collected during 2 years at 3-monthly intervals. All 80 serum samples were found to be negative in the 125I-RIPA and the individuals revealed no signs of HIV infection. The 125I-RIPA technique may be a valuable confirmatory assay in the serology of HIV infections. The sensitivity of this test provides a reliable measure of effective sensitivity when new-generation screening tests are evaluated. In addition, this technique appears to be a specific and sensitive assay to detect antibodies to p24^gag at very early stages of HIV infection.

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Blood Donor Sera With False-Positive Western Blot Reactions to Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Cited by 93 publications

References 5 publications

HIV Antibody Screening in a Saudi Arabian Blood Donor Population: 5 Years Experience

HIV Antibody Screening in a Saudi Arabian Blood Donor Population: 5 Years Experience

Comparative evaluation of particle agglutination test for antibody to human immunodeficiency virus.

Detection of Early Anti-p24 HIV Responses in EIA- and Immunoblot-Negative Individuals

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