Blood cysts of the cardiac valves in adults: Review and analysis of published cases

Abstract

Background and aim: Blood cysts of cardiac valves are generally seen in newborns and infants and very rarely in adults. Although in most cases they are incidental findings they may be associated to severe cardiac or systemic complications. This study analyzes incidence, presentation, and treatment of valvular blood cysts in adults.Methods: A review of the pertinent literature through a search mainly on PubMed and Medline was performed.Results: In patients ≥18 years of age, our search disclosed 54 patients with mitral blood cysts (mean age, 48 ± 18 years), 9 with a tricuspid valve cyst (mean age, 67 ± 15 years), 3 with a blood cyst on the pulmonary valve (age 31, 43, and 44 years),

Mitral valve leaflet blood cyst treated with minimally invasive approach: a case report and review of literature

“…Less than 100 cases of cardiac valve blood cyst have been reported in adults yet. Most of the cardiac blood cyst are found on atrioventricular valves [ 13 ], but it can be found in other parts of the heart such as aortic valve [ 14 ], pulmonary valve [ 8 ], left atrium [ 15 ], right atrium [ 16 ], right ventricle [ 17 ], papillary muscle [ 7 ], and atrial septum [ 9 ]. It is very rare entity and has not yet included in cardiac tumors classification by many articles [ 1 , 18 ].…”

“…As the cardiac tumors can embolize and cause complications, surgery is recommended especially for large cyst in symptomatic patients [ 1 ]. About 70% of cases of mitral valve blood cyst were managed surgically according to one research [ 13 ]. Some researchers believe that small asymptomatic blood cyst could be followed without surgical intervention.…”

Multimodality imaging of a rare intracardiac bronchogenic cyst

“…They can appear identical to IBCs on all imaging modalities. Important differentiating features on imaging include their typical valvular location, occasional formation of intralesional microbubbles on contrast enhanced real-time echocardiography, occasional enhancement and contrast uptake on MRI and occasional mirroring of the blood pool signal on T1 and T2 weighted images, thought to be due to the presence of channels allowing communication with the intracardiac blood pool [11 , 12] .…”

Mitral degenerative valve leaflets suspected as primary valvular tumor: a case report

“…The types that need differential diagnosis include myxoma, papillary elastic fibroma, lipoma, blood cysts, etc. [ 4 – 6 ]. The features of echocardiogram are often pedunculate, often a solitary mass, usually at the mid-portion of valve leaflets, and with a frond-like characteristic surface [ 7 ].…”