Blood culture status in mature horses with diarrhoea: A possible association with survival

Johns, Imogen; Tennent-Brown, Brett S.; Schaer, Barbara Dallap; Southwood, Louise L.; Boston, Raymond C.; Wilkins, Pamela A.

doi:10.2746/042516409x360208

Cited by 28 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The potential for bacterial translocation from the gastrointestinal tract during exercise has also been proposed . Gram‐positive cocci, consistent with the synovial isolates from the present study, were occasionally identified in a study of bacteraemia in horses with diarrhoea . Other commensal organisms of the gastrointestinal tract have been isolated in synovial sepsis of suspected haematogenous origin .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…The gastrointestinal tract has also been proposed as an origin of bacteraemia in cases of haematogenous synovial sepsis . Bacteraemia has been associated with intestinal disease in the adult horse including enterocolitis and small intestinal lesions requiring resection . However, severe gastrointestinal disease was not identified in the present study.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 65%

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Synovial sepsis of unknown origin in the adult Thoroughbred racehorse

Byrne¹,

Lumsden²,

Lang³

et al. 2019

Equine Veterinary Journal

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Summary Background Synovial sepsis of unknown origin is a rare cause of lameness in the adult horse, and a haematogenous pathogenesis has been proposed in previous cases. Objectives To describe the features and outcome of synovial sepsis of unknown origin in adult Thoroughbred racehorses. Study design Retrospective case series. Methods Hospital records for admissions between 2005 and 2015 were reviewed to identify adult horses diagnosed with synovial sepsis of unknown origin. Presentation, clinicopathological, microbiological and diagnostic imaging findings were recorded. Treatment methods, surgical findings, complications and long‐term outcome were evaluated. Results Eleven cases were identified over the study period. Diagnosis was established from clinical examination and clinicopathologic findings, which were comparable to other aetiologies of synovial sepsis. Affected structures included synovial joints, tendon sheaths and bursae. Concurrent osteochondritis dissecans or articular cartilage lesions were evident during arthroscopic surgery in three cases. Significant intrasynovial haemorrhage was not identified. Microbial culture of synovial fluid or synovial biopsy was positive in 6/11 of cases, with all isolates being Gram‐positive cocci. Of the 6 positive microbial cultures, all isolates demonstrated in vitro sensitivity to a cephalosporin antimicrobial agent. A concurrent remote wound was present in a single case. No other potential origins of bacteraemia were identified. Treatment methods included endoscopic surgery, standing multineedle lavage, intravenous regional limb perfusion, intrasynovial medication and/or systemic antimicrobial administration. All horses survived to hospital discharge. For the 6/11 cases that raced following synovial sepsis, the median period for return to racing was 221 days. Main limitations A small study population, which was retrospectively reviewed. Conclusions Synovial sepsis of unknown origin is rare in the adult Thoroughbred racehorse and can affect a range of synovial structures. A concurrent potential source of bacteraemia is rarely identified. With appropriate management, the prognosis to return to racing is fair.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 65%

Synovial sepsis of unknown origin in the adult Thoroughbred racehorse

Byrne¹,

Lumsden²,

Lang³

et al. 2019

Equine Veterinary Journal

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“…Their use is advocated by some authors when there is a high risk of bacterial translocation and bacteraemia because of severe gastrointestinal inflammation or neutropenia. A significant proportion (29 per cent) of adult horses with diarrhoea were bacteraemic in one study, but the administration of antimicrobials did not affect survival or duration of disease (Johns and others 2009). However, antimicrobials are also associated with the development of diarrhoea (Weese and others 2006).…”

Section: Clostridial Enterocolitismentioning

confidence: 98%

Clostridial diseases of the horse

South¹

2014

In Practice

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The Clostridium genus contains several species that are important equine pathogens. Clostridia are Gram-positive spore-forming bacteria with differing degrees of aerotolerance. Many Clostridium species are intestinal commensals in healthy horses; however, some are opportunistic pathogens that cause a range of diseases. Clostridial spores are often resistant to disinfectants and can survive in extreme environmental conditions, leading to widespread exposure risk. This article describes the main clostridial diseases affecting horses, discussing differential diagnoses, prevention and treatment.

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“…29 Studies have shown the presence of bacteremia in some horses with colitis; however, a similar investigation into horses with colic is warranted. 30 Previous treatment with antimicrobials does not affect the incidence of bacteremia. 30 Likewise, the presence of bacteremia does not necessarily mean that antimicrobials will reduce later complications associated with infections.…”

Section: Section 3: Antimicrobial Use In the Field For Horses And Foamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…30 Previous treatment with antimicrobials does not affect the incidence of bacteremia. 30 Likewise, the presence of bacteremia does not necessarily mean that antimicrobials will reduce later complications associated with infections.…”

Section: Section 3: Antimicrobial Use In the Field For Horses And Foamentioning

confidence: 99%

Practical Fluid Therapy and Treatment Modalities for Field Conditions for Horses and Foals with Gastrointestinal Problems

Fielding¹

2018

Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice

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With advances in technology and owner education, field management in equine veterinary medicine continues to evolve. Equine gastrointestinal disease is one of the most common types of emergencies evaluated by equine practitioners, and many of these patients can be effectively managed in the field. Although the equine veterinarian must make numerous decisions, fluid therapy, pain management, and antimicrobial use are 3 of the major choices that must be addressed when initiating field treatment of equine gastrointestinal disease. This article addresses the practical use of these 3 treatment categories that are essential to field practice.

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Blood culture status in mature horses with diarrhoea: A possible association with survival

Abstract: Results of blood cultures may be useful in formulating a prognosis for horses with diarrhoea. Further research is required to determine the effect of antimicrobial treatment on outcome.

Cited by 28 publications

References 25 publications

Synovial sepsis of unknown origin in the adult Thoroughbred racehorse

Synovial sepsis of unknown origin in the adult Thoroughbred racehorse

Clostridial diseases of the horse

Practical Fluid Therapy and Treatment Modalities for Field Conditions for Horses and Foals with Gastrointestinal Problems

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