Blood Components of Range Cattle: Phosphorus, Calcium, Hemoglobin, and Hematocrit

Kirk, W. G.; Davis, George K.

doi:10.2307/3896212

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Highest total protein was found in Jersey cows followed by Holsteins and Achai while crossbreds showed lowest level of total protein. The breed differences for total protein were small and non significant which is in agreement to Kirk and Davis (1970). Jersey cows are generally believed to calve in low body condition, lose less body weight during early lactation (Abe et al, 1994;Mackle et al, 1996).…”

Section: ■ ▲supporting

confidence: 70%

Relationship of blood metabolites with reproductive cyclicity in dairy cows

Qureshi

Khan

Rahman

et al. 2016

IJAR

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A total of 40 dairy cows in early lactation (60 to 90 days) of four different breeds were selected, comprising 10 animals each from Holstein Friesian (HF), Jersey (J), Achai (ACH) and F 1 (HF x Sahiwal). All cows were multiparous with body weight 250-400 kg and milk production ranged from 3 to 12 kg/day. Blood samples were collected from each animal at fortnight intervals for 90 days. In the present study, 65 % of cows reestablished estrus while 35 % cows remained anestrous, 80 % of Holsteins showed estrus followed by 70 % of Jersey and F 1 cows while in Achai breed showed only 40 % and 60 % cows remained anestrous. Blood glucose and daily milk yield significantly affected post partum estrus (P<0.01) while serum total protein and triglycerides concentration in blood did not affect post partum estrus. The serum glucose level was lower (39.93 ± 3.14 mg/dl) two months before and showed an increasing trend (49.63 ± 2.47 mg/dl) towards commencement of estrus as well as during estrus (48.20 ± 2.42 mg/dl) and then a declining trend was observed. Mean concentration of serum glucose was significantly higher in Jersey (52.50 ± 2.09 mg/dl) followed by F 1 (39.68 ± 1.45 mg/dl), HF (38.85 ± 1.77 mg/dl) and Achai (33.30 ± 2.17 mg/dl) respectively. Breed type significantly affected blood glucose (P < 0.05) in jersey cows whereas both blood glucose and triglycerides were significantly affected (P < 0.001 and P < 0.05, respectively) in F 1 cows.

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Section: ■ ▲supporting

confidence: 70%

Relationship of blood metabolites with reproductive cyclicity in dairy cows

Qureshi

Khan

Rahman

et al. 2016

IJAR

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“…In addition to respiration rate, evaluating hematocrit can provide a means to analyze the oxygen carrying capacity of an animal's circulatory system and level of dehydration (Nordenson, 2006), both of which may be impacted following chronic exposure to ergot alkaloids. Reports of hematocrit values in cattle range from 41% to 85% (Reeves et al, 1962;Kirk and Davis, 1970) depending on diet, elevation, and time of year. Hematocrit values in the current study ranged from 33.1% to 35.5% packed cells for the E− group and 32.9% to 35.1% for the E+ group, lower than the ranges reported in the literature, and there was not a significant interaction between treatment and sampling date (P = 0.2925; Table 3).…”

Section: Animal Feed Intake and Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Ergot alkaloids induce vasoconstriction of bovine uterine and ovarian blood vessels

Poole

Lyons

Poole

et al. 2018

Journal of Animal Science

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Fescue toxicosis is a syndrome that impairs growth and reproduction in cattle grazing endophyte-infected tall fescue [Lolium arundinaceum [(Schreb.].) Darbysh)] in the United States, resulting in approximately $1 billion in annual economic loss in species that utilize this forage resource. Approximately 90% of tall fescue contains an endophytic fungus (Epichloë coenophiala) that produces ergot alkaloids. Ergot alkaloids cause vasoconstriction and reduced blood flow to the extremities; however, it remains unknown how blood flow to the reproductive organs is affected in cattle. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine if ergot alkaloids from endophyte-infected tall fescue reduce blood flow to the reproductive organs, thus hindering reproductive function. Angus heifers (n = 36) naïve to ergot alkaloids were placed in Calan gates and randomly assigned to receive either endophyte-infected fescue seed (E+) or noninfected fescue seed (E-; control) in a total mixed ration for 63 d. Weekly measurements were taken to monitor heifer growth and response to ergot alkaloid exposure. Reproductive measurements, including ovarian structures, uterine and ovarian vessel diameter, and hormone concentrations were determined after heifers were synchronized using the standard CO-Synch + 7 d CIDR protocol to ensure all measurements were collected at the same stages of the estrous cycle (0, 4, 10, and 17 d). Data were analyzed using repeated measures in PROC MIXED of SAS. Average daily gain was decreased for the E+ group (0.8 kg/d) compared to control heifers (1.0 kg/d). Body condition scores tended to be greater in control heifers compared to the E+ group (P = 0.053). Additionally, hair coat and hair shedding scores were greater in E+ heifers compared to controls (P < 0.05). Heart rate, rectal temperature, respiration rate, and blood pressure did not differ between treatments (P > 0.05). Vasoconstriction was observed in the caudal artery, but not the caudal vein, in heifers consuming the E+ fescue seed (P < 0.05). No differences were observed in antral follicle counts, corpus luteum area or circulating progesterone concentrations in E+ heifers compared to controls (P > 0.05). There was a significant decrease in the diameter of arteries and veins servicing the ovary and uterus on day 10 and 17 of the estrous cycle. Reduction in blood flow to the reproductive organs during critical times in the estrous cycle may contribute to the reduced ovarian function and pregnancy rates associated with fescue toxicosis.

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“…The Nova Max meter had the lowest sensitivity (74.4%) and highest specificity (100.0%) of all meters at a 1.2 mmol/L cut point due to the consistently lower concentration reading compared with plasma BHB concentrations. Bovine blood has a lower hematocrit than humans, which is the most likely cause for the lower readings (Lane and Campbell, 1969;Kirk and Davis, 1970). It is important to note that when using the Nova Vet meter for bovine blood, Nova Biomedical recommends a 1.25 calibration slope factor to correct for this difference in hematocrit; this calibration cannot be performed on the Nova Max meter.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Technical note: Comparison of 4 electronic handheld meters for diagnosing hyperketonemia in dairy cows

Bach

Heuwieser

McArt

2016

Journal of Dairy Science

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The objective of this study was to evaluate 4 handheld ketone meters for use in on-farm β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) monitoring of hyperketonemia in transition dairy cows. Blood samples taken from 250 Holstein cows between 262d pregnant and 15d in milk were evaluated on 4 different handheld ketone meters: Precision Xtra (Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL), TaiDoc (Pharmadoc, Lüdersdorf, Germany), Nova Max (Nova Biomedical, Billerica, MA), and Nova Vet (Nova Biomedical). Samples were screened using the Precision Xtra and tested on the remaining 3 m if the sample BHB concentration fell into predetermined ranges. A total of 89 samples were used for analysis. Performance of each meter was compared with the average of 2 plasma BHB concentrations both determined by a gold standard spectrophotometric Randox assay performed at 2 independent laboratories. Agreement between the 2 laboratories was very strong (Pearson correlation=0.998). All meters had Pearson correlation coefficients greater than 0.95. The Precision Xtra and TaiDoc meters were 100.0% sensitive and 73.5% specific at a BHB concentration cut point of 1.2mmol/L. The Nova Vet and Nova Max meters had sensitivities of 94.9 and 74.4% and specificities of 91.8 and 100.0%, respectively, at the same cut point. Agreement between the gold standard and the handheld meter was the best for the Nova Vet meter when evaluated using a Bland Altman graph with a mean BHB difference of 0.08mmol/L. Trends in bias were noted with the Precision Xtra and Nova Max meters resulting in increasing average discrepancy between the gold standard and the meter for both at higher plasma BHB concentrations and mean BHB differences of -0.34 and 0.26mmol/L, respectively. The coefficient of variation was <10% for the Precision Xtra, TaiDoc, and Nova Vet meters, and <15% for the Nova Max meter. We conclude that the TaiDoc and Nova Vet meters, similar to the already validated Precision Xtra meter, are acceptable for use in on-farm testing for monitoring and treatment of hyperketonemia.

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Blood Components of Range Cattle: Phosphorus, Calcium, Hemoglobin, and Hematocrit

Cited by 8 publications

References 3 publications

Relationship of blood metabolites with reproductive cyclicity in dairy cows

Relationship of blood metabolites with reproductive cyclicity in dairy cows

Ergot alkaloids induce vasoconstriction of bovine uterine and ovarian blood vessels

Technical note: Comparison of 4 electronic handheld meters for diagnosing hyperketonemia in dairy cows

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