Blood compatibility and physicochemical assessment of novel nanocomposite comprising polyurethane and dietary carotino oil for cardiac tissue engineering applications

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) were estimated to claim 17 million lives each year. Among these, coronary heart disease almost accounts 50% deaths associated with CVD, which causes the blockage of the coronary arteries that supplies blood to the heart. Nowadays, the cardiac tissue engineering have become a promising solution to overcome the drawbacks associated with current therapies. Further, the scaffold used in cardiac tissue engineering must possess thromboresistant and anticoagulant nature to serve as a plausible candidate for cardiovascular applications. In this present investigation, a novel nanocomposite based on polyurethane (PU) and carotino oil was fabricated using electrospinning. Scanning electron microscopy images indicated that the nanocomposites have smaller fiber diameter (702 ± 130 nm) compared to the pristine PU (969 ± 217 nm). The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis confirmed the interaction between the carotino oil and PU by the formation of hydrogen bond and shifting of CH peak. The contact angle of electrospun PU/carotino oil was found to be 119°, which was increased compared to pristine PU (86°) indicating the hydrophobic nature of developed nanocomposites. Moreover, the surface roughness and thermal stability were found to be enhanced due to the presence of carotino oil in the PU matrix indicated in atomic force microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. The enhanced surface roughness of nanocomposites resulted in delayed activation of the blood clot as revealed in activated partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time assay. Moreover, the hemolytic index of fabricated nanocomposites was found to very low of about 1.33% compared to pristine PU (2.73%), suggesting non‐hemolytic nature and also better blood compatibility. So, the developed PU/carotino nanocomposites having desirable characteristics like better physicochemical and blood compatibility may render appropriate potentials for raw materials of cardiac tissue engineering. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45691.

Modification of Polyurethane Solutions by Means of a Hard Depositor for Fibre Production by the Electrospinning Method

“…It should be noted that when the PUR solution is modified with water, the average diameter of fibers decreases sharply and the fiber distribution interval along the diameter increases, which is confirmed by the literature data [8].…”

“…Thus in article [8] the authors created a non-woven nanocomposite from a solution of polyurethane modified with carotene oil, using electrospinning technology. Studies have shown that the nanofibers have a smaller diameter (702 ± 130 nm) than those obtained from an unmodified PUR solution (969 ± 217 nm).…”

Electrospun polyurethane patch in combination with cedarwood and cobalt nitrate for cardiac applications

“…It was described that the blood compatibility of a material was influenced by several characteristics such as fiber diameter, surface wettability, surface roughness, and surface energy. It was reported that the developed scaffolds having reduced fiber diameter morphology, improved surface roughness, and hydrophobic nature might favor the enhanced blood compatibility . Our electrospun nanocomposites portrayed smaller fiber diameter (PU/CW and PU/CW/CoNO 3 ) and hydrophobic nature (PU/CW) which might result in the improved blood compatibility.…”

“…In the wavelength between 500 and 1200 cm −1 , the other peaks were found at 1220, 1078, 1105, and 770 cm −1 , respectively. It seems to be characteristics peaks of PU which attributed to the group of C─O─C and C─OH, respectively . However, the intensity of the PU was decreased with the addition of CW and increased on adding CoNO 3 owing to the hydrogen bond formation .…”

“…In this research, the PU was further added with other additives to improve the anticoagulant behavior for reducing the thrombus formation and also to enhance the mechanical properties in order to support the cardiac tissue growth. Recently, it was observed that the electrospun scaffolds added with essential oils like castor and Carotino oil have enhanced the anticoagulant behavior of the pristine PU . Further, few studies have reported that metallic particles incorporated electrospun scaffold have exhibited improved mechanical properties.…”