Blood coagulation mechanism in the snakes Waglerophis merremii and Bothrops jararaca

Nahas, L; Kamiguti, Aura S.; Betti, Ferrucio; Martins, Ida Sigueko Sano; Rodrigues, Maria I

doi:10.1016/0300-9629(81)90166-3

Cited by 19 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…But the PT in iguana plasma with homologous crude thromboplastin was shorter than with heterologous canine thromboplastin. This result confirms earlier investigations reported by Fantl (1961), Nahas et al (1973Nahas et al ( , 1981, Ratnoff et al (1990) and Lewis (1996). However, because of the poor solubility of crude thromboplastin, a definite concentration of the thromboplastin solution was not Fig.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Investigations on Blood Coagulation in the Green Iguana (Iguana iguana)

Kubalek

Mischke

Fehr

2002

Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A

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The prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time, kaolin clotting time (KCT), dilute Russell's viper venom time (DRVVT) and reptilase time, as well as five different plasma fibrinogen assays [gravimetry, Jacobsson method (extinction at 280 nm), Millar method (heat precipitation), kinetic turbidometry, Clauss method] and resonance thrombography were performed in 26 clinically healthy green iguanas. All assays were carried out in comparison with pooled normal canine plasma. In iguana plasma, the PT [median (x0.50) = 453-831 s, dependent on the reagent], APTT (x0.50 = 170-242 s, dependent on the reagent), thrombin time (x0.50 = 118 - > 1000 s, dependent on thrombin activity), KCT (x0.50 = 274 s), DRVVT (x0.50 = 349 s) and reptilase time (all samples > 1000 s) were widely scattered at the limit of measurability. Only fibrinogen concentrations measured using the Jacobsson method (x0.50 = 4.40 g/l) correlated well (r = 0.91) with gravimetry (x0.50 = 4.22 g/l). The results of this study indicate a limited suitability and a confined diagnostic significance of the selected methods in the green iguana. This may be caused by the species specificity of certain components of the reagents used, as well as a less optimal test system, i.e. relationship of test reagent to clotting factor concentrations in iguana plasma.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Investigations on Blood Coagulation in the Green Iguana (Iguana iguana)

Kubalek

Mischke

Fehr

2002

Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A

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“…Despite extensive biochemical and molecular characterization of blood coagulation in mammals, little information is available about haemostasis in other vertebrates [6], although there is an increasing interest in the “natural resistance” of snakes towards the toxicity of its own venom and towards other snake venoms. The inter- and intraspecies resistibility can contribute to the development of new strategies for the treatment of snake envenomation and the discovery of proteins that can neutralize the toxic components of these venoms [7], making snake plasma a rich source of bioactive molecules.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proteomic Analysis of the Ontogenetic Variability in Plasma Composition of Juvenile and AdultBothrops jararacaSnakes

Grego

Tanaka

Tanaka-Azevedo

2013

International Journal of Proteomics

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The ontogenetic variability in venom composition of some snake genera, including Bothrops, as well as the biological implications of such variability and the search of new molecules that can neutralize the toxic components of these venoms have been the subject of many studies. Thus, considering the resistance of Bothrops jararaca to the toxic action of its own venom and the ontogenetic variability in venom composition described in this species, a comparative study of the plasma composition of juvenile and adult B. jararaca snakes was performed through a proteomic approach based on 2D electrophoresis and mass spectrometry, which allowed the identification of proteins that might be present at different levels during ontogenetic development. Among the proteins identified by mass spectrometry, antihemorrhagic factor Bj46a was found only in adult plasma. Moreover, two spots identified as phospholipase A2 inhibitors were significantly increased in juvenile plasma, which can be related to the higher catalytic PLA2 activity shown by juvenile venom in comparison to that of adult snakes. This work shows the ontogenetic variability of B. jararaca plasma, and that these changes can be related to the ontogenetic variability described in its venom.

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“…Reptiles, and other poikilotherms, have noteworthy differences in physiology and specifically blood chemistry compared to their mammalian counterparts. There are numerous reports stating that clotting time in reptiles is greatly increased when compared to mammals . Although reptiles have the extrinsic clotting pathway, differences in many of the other factors have been reported .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are numerous reports stating that clotting time in reptiles is greatly increased when compared to mammals. [25][26][27][28][29][30][31] Although reptiles have the extrinsic clotting pathway, differences in many of the other factors have been reported. 32 Spectacled caimans are missing factors V, VII, IX, and XI of the intrinsic (vitamin K dependent) pathway.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of brodifacoum and diphacinone exposure on four species of reptiles: tissue residue levels and survivorship

Mauldin

Witmer

Shriner

et al. 2020

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUND Anticoagulant rodenticides are used worldwide to control pest rodent species. However, the risks posed to non‐target reptiles have not been well characterized. In this study, 46 giant ameivas (Ameiva ameiva), 39 boa constrictors (Boa constrictor), 33 wood turtles (Rhinoclemmys pulcherrima), and 47 green iguanas (Iguana iguana) were orally dosed with one of two levels of either diphacinone or brodifacoum anticoagulant in propylene glycol solutions. Dosages were derived using daily food intake (DFI) equations, converting DFI to an equivalent anticoagulant bait amount and gavaging the solution volume needed to deliver the quantity of anticoagulant in that amount of bait. Animals were dosed on days 0 and 7 and monitored for a further 7 days for signs of anticoagulant intoxication and differences in behaviors and postures. At necropsy on day 14, animals were examined for thoracic and abdominal bleeding, and both tissue and organ samples were taken for histology. Liver and whole‐body anticoagulant residues were assessed. RESULTS No turtles or boas died due to anticoagulant exposure. However, anticoagulant intoxication was suspected in one iguana dosed with brodifacoum. A few treated ameivas died but exhibited no hemorrhaging. Liver residue levels were higher than whole‐body remainder residue levels for all species. Unlike the other species, turtles had higher diphacinone residue levels than brodifacoum. CONCLUSION Turtles and boas exhibited a relative insensitivity to diphacinone and brodifacoum, while the lizards appeared to be somewhat more sensitive to these compounds. This study provides data for future assessments of the risks to these species associated with anticoagulant use. Published 2019. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.

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Blood coagulation mechanism in the snakes Waglerophis merremii and Bothrops jararaca

Cited by 19 publications

References 7 publications

Investigations on Blood Coagulation in the Green Iguana (Iguana iguana)

Investigations on Blood Coagulation in the Green Iguana (Iguana iguana)

Proteomic Analysis of the Ontogenetic Variability in Plasma Composition of Juvenile and AdultBothrops jararacaSnakes

Effects of brodifacoum and diphacinone exposure on four species of reptiles: tissue residue levels and survivorship

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