Blood clotting response test for detecting resistance to second generation anticoagulant bromadiolone in house rat (Rattus rattus)

Garg, Nancy; Singla, Neena

doi:10.18805/ijar.5571

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The use of the first generation active ingredients (warfarin, chlorophacinone & coumatetralyl) and bromadiolone was uneffective. Garg et al (2015) reported that the second generation anticoagulant, bromadiolone controled rodents all over India for the last several years. Conclusion Rattus norvegicus and Rattus rattus in Greater Cairo were still susceptible to the anticoagulant rodenticides, coumatetralyl 0.0375% and bromadiolone 0.005% by bioassay technique under laboratory conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of Dominant Rodents to Coumatetralyl and Bromadiolone in Greater Cairo, Egypt

Mikhail¹,

Hasan²

2016

JESP

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Since the 1950s, anticoagulant rodenticides are used to control rodents in public health and agriculture sectors. The extensive use of these compounds has acted as selective force to rodents, leading to resistance. Resistance mechanisms have been identified in rats and mice, including the modification of the enzyme that activates vitamin K, vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKOR). Susceptibility levels of the Norway rat, Rattus norvegicus and the roof rat, Rattus rattus to coumatetralyl (first generation anticoagulant) and broamdiolone (second generation anticoagulant) by bioassay detection method under laboratory conditions were studied. Animals were trapped from Greater Cairo, Egypt in which the anticoagulant rodenticides were used to control rodents for long periods. Complete mortality was recorded for both species and sexes within the standard feeding periods (under no-choice feeding test for 6-days to coumatetralyl and 4-days to bromadiolone). Rat species under studied still susceptible to coumatetralyl and bromadiolone. The present work revealed a significant correlation between species in comparison with consumed dose and death time. R. rattus showed more active ingredient intake (mg/kg) than R. norvegicus. Death time (days), R. rattus recorded higher mean values than R. norvegicus, also females showed higher mean values compared to males.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of Dominant Rodents to Coumatetralyl and Bromadiolone in Greater Cairo, Egypt

Mikhail¹,

Hasan²

2016

JESP

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“…The INR in this context is derived by calculating the ratio of the post-treatment clotting time to the pre-treatment clotting time, which is then multiplied by the International Sensitivity Index (ISI). A ship rat is considered to be a responder (susceptible) to a given dose of anticoagulant when it has an INR ≥ 3.6 (3.5-3.8) (Garg and Singla 2015). Every reagent or equipment manufactured to calculate blood-clotting time or prothrombin time is assigned an ISI value.…”

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Linear regressions for the relationship between brodifacoum dose (mg/kg of bodyweight) and proportionate increase in bloodclotting time (INR) for male (blue) and female (pink) ship rats from Akatarawa forest. The dotted line shows the INR level at which a ship rat is considered to be a responder(Garg and Singla 2015). The bars on the data points indicate standard errors, which reflect uncertainty in INR values when only the maximum pre-dose bloodclotting time could be measured.…”

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confidence: 99%

Apparent resistance to brodifacoum in

et al. 2022

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Context. Anticoagulants have been used in New Zealand for decades, but few data are available on the sustainability of these toxins for rodent control. It is important to regularly monitor for resistance in long-term brodifacoum-use areas and establish a database for future references.Aims. This study aimed to estimate the effective dose (ED 50 ) of brodifacoum for ship rats from an area of New Zealand with no history of brodifacoum use, in order to establish a bloodclotting response test for assessing resistance in rodent populations from other areas. Methods. A ranging study was conducted whereby successive groups of ship rats were administered brodifacoum doses that were increased or decreased progressively, until an International Normalised Ratio (INR) of 3.6 was reached. Linear regression was used to model the relationship between dose and INR, and ED50 dose was estimated using the resulting model. Results. None of the rats appeared susceptible to brodifacoum at previously reported LD 50 exposures for this species. The ED 50 of brodifacoum was estimated to be 2.88 mg/kg for males and 3.81 mg/kg for females. These values are 6-8 times greater than the previously published lethal dose values for ship rats in New Zealand. Conclusions. Blood-clotting inhibition was detected in the rats only following high doses of brodifacoum, which may indicate resistance within the sampled population. Implications. Relatively low susceptibility, or resistance, to brodifacoum in New Zealand ship rats may be mediated by spatial connections between areas with different histories and patterns of anticoagulant rodenticide use.

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“…Determination of prothrombin time (PT), active partial thromboplastin time (APTT), and fibrinogen (FIB) and antithrombin III levels is required in the coagulation profile Kennerman and Kaya (2005). PT, is a test that commonly used to indicate of drugs for measuring the extrinsic blood coagulation system Gargy and Singla (2015). Determination of the duration of buccal mucosal bleeding, although applied at the clinical level, is not considered as an important indicator in diagnosing bleeding disorders.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of isoflurane and sevoflurane anesthesia on coagulation parameters in dogs**

Birdane

Korkmaz

Cingi

et al. 2019

IJAR

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The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of isoflurane (ISO) and sevoflurane (SEVO) anesthesia on coagulation parameters in dogs. A total of 12 dogs were used in the study in two groups as ISO(n = 6) and SEVO(n = 6), which were brought to the clinic for ovariohysterectomy. Premedication was performed by the intravenous administration of 0.3 mg/kg midazolam, followed by 5 mg/kg intravenous bolus propofol infusion. This was followed by 1.5% ISO administration in the ISO group and 2% sevoflurane administration in the SEVO group for anesthesia maintenance. Before anesthesia, prothrombin time (PT), active partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), and fibrinogen (FIB) level were measured at the 0th minute before anesthesia, at the 15th and 30th minutes during anesthesia, and at the 0th minute and the 1st hour after anesthesia. It was observed that the changes in TT, PT, APTT, and FIB level with time were not significant in the ISO and SEVO groups. It was determined that the changes in TT between the measurements in groups at the 30th minute during anesthesia and 0th minute after anesthesia were statistically significant (P less than 0.05)

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Blood clotting response test for detecting resistance to second generation anticoagulant bromadiolone in house rat (Rattus rattus)

Cited by 4 publications

References 16 publications

Response of Dominant Rodents to Coumatetralyl and Bromadiolone in Greater Cairo, Egypt

Response of Dominant Rodents to Coumatetralyl and Bromadiolone in Greater Cairo, Egypt

Apparent resistance to brodifacoum in

Effect of isoflurane and sevoflurane anesthesia on coagulation parameters in dogs**

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