Blood cholinesterase levels among agricultural workers in four Asian countries

Jeyaratnam, J; Lun, K. C.; Phoon, W. O.

doi:10.1016/0378-4274(86)90083-4

Cited by 38 publications

(45 citation statements)

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“…Este dado é próximo dos 83,0% encontrados na Nicarágua 2 , inferior aos 98,0% entre aplicadores licenciados de Minnesota 16 e superior aos 55,0% encontrados entre agricultores asiáticos 17 .…”

Section: Tipos Químicosunclassified

“…Em Iowa e Carolina do Norte, encontraram-se freqüências ainda menores de uso: respectivamente, 8,0 e 18,0% usando más-caras para gases e 30,0 e 27,0% usando roupas impermeáveis e botas 19 . Na pesquisa em quatro países da Ásia, foi encontrada grande variação nos dados sobre uso de máscaras (9,0 a 41,0%), luvas (5,0 a 95,0%) e de roupas especí-ficas (5,0 a 67,0%) 17 .…”

Section: Tipos Químicosunclassified

“…Nesta análise o uso de roupas de proteção não mostrou associação com as intoxicações, possivelmente devido ao viés de causalidade reversa ou a superestimação do uso de EPI. Além disto, existem autores que questionam a real eficácia destas roupas de proteção 17,23 .…”

Section: Tipos Químicosunclassified

“…A prevalência de 12,0% de intoxicações ao longo da vida é comparável às taxas encontradas na pesquisa em quatro países asiáticos, onde as intoxicações variaram de 12,0 a 19,0% entre expostos 17 . Selecionando a Malásia e o Sri Lanka, cujos dados eram de melhor qualidade, as prevalências foram 12,0 e 15,0% 10 .…”

Section: Tipos Químicosunclassified

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Trabalho rural e intoxicações por agrotóxicos

et al. 2004

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Section: Tipos Químicosunclassified

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Trabalho rural e intoxicações por agrotóxicos

et al. 2004

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“…Excessive amount of acetylcholine causes the muscle to lose its function ( Hayes and Laws, 1991 ) and repeated exposure to anticholinesterase compounds may depress cholinesterase to a dangerous extent. Moreover, cholinesterase inhibition and health effects of OP pesticides in agricultural workers have been documented (e.g., Ngatia and Mgeni, 1980;Jeyaratnam et al, 1982Jeyaratnam et al, , 1987 Rama and Jaga, 1992;Cielsielski et al, 1994;Ohayo -Mitoko et al, 1997 ) . Ohayo -Mitoko et al (2000 ) reported on the prevalence of OP -related symptoms among agricultural workers in the Kenyan component of the East Africa Pesticide Network (EAPN ) , a sister study to the present one ( Partanen et al, 1999 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute health effects of organophosphorus pesticides on Tanzanian small-scale coffee growers

Ngowi

Maeda

Partanen

et al. 2001

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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Acute health effects of organophosphorus ( OP ) pesticides on coffee farmworkers in 1991 -1992 in Tanzania are reported to provide a basis for concern over farmworkers being overexposed during application. Workers exposed to OP pesticides ( N = 133 ) were drawn from a population of about 240,000 coffee farmers. They were interviewed on symptoms and personal protection, and their erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase ( AChE ) activity was determined during both spraying and nonspraying period. AChE activities during spraying and nonspraying period were comparable ( mean 32.0, SD 7.8 vs. 33.0, SD 8.7 U / g HgB, P= 0.26 ) . The prevalence of cough, headache, abdominal pain, excessive sweating, nausea, excessive salivation, diarrhea, and vomiting did not differ significantly between spraying and nonspraying periods. There was no suggestion of decreased AChE in exposed subjects who complained of OP -related symptoms compared to symptomless exposed subjects. Use of gloves, long boots, head cover, face cover, and coverall was not significantly associated with AChE activity. No marked AChE depression was found during spraying season, which may explain the lack of association between symptoms and AChE. The fact that only moderately toxic OP pesticides were used may indicate that toxicity was not sufficiently high to cause depression. Experience, however, suggests that occupational poisoning remains a potential serious danger in coffee cultivation in Tanzania.

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Estimating underreported pesticide poisonings in Nicaragua

Keifer¹,

McConnell²,

Pacheco³

et al. 1996

Am. J. Ind. Med.

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We undertook to estimate the degree of underreporting to a regional pesticide poisoning registry, and to estimate the true incidence of poisoning in an agricultural region of Nicaragua. We surveyed 633 workers at 25 of 33 agricultural cooperatives and any nearby private farms in a area geographically convenient to the regional health headquarters with a short structured interview about pesticide poisonings. Eighty‐three percent of workers described current use of pesticides. Twenty‐five percent described a pesticide poisoning in the preceding 12 months, and almost one‐half (48%) described having been made ill by pesticides at some point in time. Sixty‐nine (11%) described a poisoning in the preceding month, 23 of whom had received medical attention. The names of the medically treated were sought in the Regional Pesticide Poisoning Registry for the survey year of 1988. Only 8 of the 23 subjects were found reported to the registry when a total of 1,143 human pesticide poisonings were reported in the entire region. Using 65% as an estimate of underreporting to the registry, we calculate that 3,300 (95% Cl 2100–7500) poisonings had received treatment in the region in 1988, of whom more than 2,100 remained unreported. Based on the ratio of total poisonings (treated and untreated) to registry‐reported poisonings among our survey respondents, we estimate that 6,700 (95% Cl 4100–18000) systemic poisonings, occurred in 1988 in the region. Underreporting of pesticide poisonings disguises the enormity of the problem in developing countries. Even in a region with a strong emphasis on illness reporting for targeted conditions, underreporting is substantial. This method for estimating underreporting is easily applied and provides a rough estimate of registry underreporting and actual incidence for conditions identifiable by a community‐applied questionnaire. © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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Blood cholinesterase levels among agricultural workers in four Asian countries

Cited by 38 publications

References 0 publications

Trabalho rural e intoxicações por agrotóxicos

Trabalho rural e intoxicações por agrotóxicos

Acute health effects of organophosphorus pesticides on Tanzanian small-scale coffee growers

Estimating underreported pesticide poisonings in Nicaragua

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