Blood Cell Lineage in the Sea Lamprey, Petromyzon marinus (Pisces: Petromyzontidae)

Piavis, George W.; Hiatt, James L.

doi:10.2307/1442643

Cited by 21 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…The fish were sacrificed after 21 days. (Yoffey (1929) found that erythropoiesis was at a maximum some 20 days after bleeding; Piavis & Hiatt (1971) found 12-15 days to be optimal.) ATTEMPTS TO STIMULATE PLASMA CELL FORMATION Attempts to induce the proliferation of blood cells in 6 additional A. australis schmidtii were made with 4 injections of Salmonella paratyphi H antigen (Difco) at weekly intervals.…”

Section: Haemopoietic Organsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These cells are easily confused, and several authors have indicated a role for both in coagulation (Duthie 1931). The eel thrombocyte is not a platelet-forming element like the mammalian megacaryocyte or the thrombocyte in the lamprey Petromyzon (Piavis & Hiatt 1971). A functional role as a drifting megakaryocyte is suggested by the way thrombocytes produce 'plastids' as coagulation is initiated.…”

Section: Blood Cell Formation In a Australis Schmidtii Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Haematology of the New Zealand freshwater eelsAnguilla australis schmidtiiandA. dieffenbachii

McArthur

1977

New Zealand Journal of Zoology

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Section: Haemopoietic Organsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Blood Cell Formation In a Australis Schmidtii Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Haematology of the New Zealand freshwater eelsAnguilla australis schmidtiiandA. dieffenbachii

McArthur

1977

New Zealand Journal of Zoology

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“…The lamprey hematopoietic tissues and blood stream abound with cells resembling mammalian lymphocytes (11)(12)(13)(14)(15). These cells can undergo lymphoblastic transformation and proliferation in response to stimulation with antigens and plant mitogens (16), and they have been implicated as key cellular elements in adaptive immune responses that have been reported for these jawless vertebrates (17), including rejection of second-set skin allografts at an accelerated pace (17,18) and delayed-type hypersensitivity (19).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prototypic T cell receptor and CD4-like coreceptor are expressed by lymphocytes in the agnathan sea lamprey

Pancer

Mayer

Klein

et al. 2004

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

124

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All jawed vertebrates have highly diverse lymphocyte receptors, which allow discrimination between self and nonself antigens as well as the recognition of potential pathogens. Key elements of the anticipatory recombinatorial immune system in jawed vertebrates are the TCR, Ig, and MHC genes, but their ancestral genes have not been found in more basal vertebrates. In this study, we extended our analysis of the transcriptome of lymphocyte-like cells in the lamprey to identify the TCR-like and CD4-like genes. The structural features of these genes and their preferential expression in lymphocytes make them attractive candidates for ancestral TCR and CD4 genes. The TCR-like gene contains both V (variable) and J (joining) sequences in its first exon and exists as a single-copy gene that is invariant. Thus, the TCR-like gene cannot account for the receptor diversity that is required for the immune responses reported for lamprey, but it could have been easily modified to serve as an evolutionary precursor of modern TCR and Ig genes.S pecific adaptive immunity emerged during vertebrate evolution as a new strategy for coping with an antigenic world of infinite variety. This anticipatory immune system (AIS) in jawed vertebrates is based on diverse lymphocyte receptors, which are assembled by means of combinatorial rearrangement of Ig V (variable), D (diversity), and J (joining) gene segments. The recombination-activating genes, RAG1 and RAG2, catalyze the joining of V(D)J gene segments to generate unique antigenbinding regions of the B cell receptors and T cell receptors (TCRs). The complementary arm of the AIS is provided by the polymorphic MHC genes for class I and II molecules that present antigenic peptides to TCR-bearing lymphocytes. The TCR, Ig, and MHC genes are conserved in all jawed vertebrates that have been studied, including representatives of the oldest extant group of cartilaginous fish: the sharks, skates, and rays (1-3).The evolutionary origin of the TCR, Ig, and MHC genes is still unknown, but precursors of these key AIS elements would be anticipated in ancestors of the jawed vertebrates. The chordate phylum derived from urochordate ancestors, some of which evolved into the cephalochordates. However, these basal chordates lack identifiable orthologs of pivotal AIS genes. No AIS genes were identified in genome of the tunicate Ciona intestinalis, a urochordate representative (4, 5). In Amphioxus, which is a cephalochordate representative, secreted VCBP proteins consisting of two diverse V-type Igs and a chitin-binding domain were found (6), as well as molecules containing one V domain and a domain spanning the membrane five times (7), but these molecules are unlikely to be direct precursors of the vertebrate antigen-specific receptors. The first jawless fish appeared Ϸ550 million years ago (mya), and these early craniates diverged into two lineages. One lineage included the ancestors of hagfish and lamprey, and the other lineage included armored shell-skinned fish (Ostracoderms), which were ancestors of the j...

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“…This structure lies dorsal to spinal column and becomes heavily populated with lymphocytes following after immune challenge [13–15]. The supraneural body from hematopoietically stimulated lampreys appears to be histologically-similar to ‘bone marrow’ in higher vertebrates and contains all blood cell lineages and their precursors, including lymphocytes at all stages of maturity [16]. Lymphocytes are also abundant in the lamprey kidney, where large populations are intermingled around the renal tubules (Fig.…”

Section: Description Of the Adaptive Immune System In Cyclostomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, these agglutinins have been shown to be antigen-specific for the O-type erythrocytes [13;21;22]. In adult P. marinus , the agglutinin-producing cells were found to be abundant within the supraneural body [16], whereas in ammocoetes (larvae) of the arctic lamprey the specific agglutinin producing cells were present in the typhlosole and corresponded morphologically to plasma cells [18]. Thus, the typhlosole and kidney, and supraneural organ are the most likely sites for definitive lymphopoiesis in the larval and adult lamprey, respectively.…”

Section: Description Of the Adaptive Immune System In Cyclostomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of adaptive immune recognition in jawless vertebrates

Saha

Smith

Amemiya

2010

Seminars in Immunology

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All extant vertebrates possess an adaptive immune system wherein diverse immune receptors are created and deployed in specialized blood cell lineages. Recent advances in DNA sequencing and developmental resources for basal vertebrates have facilitated numerous comparative analyses that have shed new light on the molecular and cellular bases of immune defense and the mechanisms of immune receptor diversification in the “jawless” vertebrates. With data from these key species in hand, it is becoming possible to infer some general aspects of the early evolution of vertebrate adaptive immunity. All jawed vertebrates assemble their antigen-receptor genes through combinatorial recombination of different “diversity” segments into immunoglobulin or T-cell receptor genes. However, the jawless vertebrates employ an analogous, but independently-derived set of immune receptors in order to recognize and bind antigens: the variable lymphocyte receptors (VLRs). The means by which this locus generates receptor diversity and achieves antigen specificity is of considerable interest because these mechanisms represent a completely independent strategy for building a large immune repertoire. Therefore, studies of the VLR system are providing insight into the fundamental principles and evolutionary potential of adaptive immune recognition systems. Here we review and synthesize the wealth of data that have been generated towards understanding the evolution of the adaptive immune system in the jawless vertebrates.

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Blood Cell Lineage in the Sea Lamprey, Petromyzon marinus (Pisces: Petromyzontidae)

Cited by 21 publications

References 0 publications

Haematology of the New Zealand freshwater eelsAnguilla australis schmidtiiandA. dieffenbachii

Haematology of the New Zealand freshwater eelsAnguilla australis schmidtiiandA. dieffenbachii

Prototypic T cell receptor and CD4-like coreceptor are expressed by lymphocytes in the agnathan sea lamprey

Evolution of adaptive immune recognition in jawless vertebrates

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