Blood Catalase Activities, Catalase Gene Polymorphisms and Acatalasemia Mutations in Hungarian Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Introduction: Catalase decomposes hydrogen peroxide into oxygen and water. Its low concentration could be involved in signaling while its high concentration is toxic.Aim: This short review discusses the association of blood catalase and diabetes mellitus in Hungarian diabetic patients.Results: Several cohort studies showed decreased blood catalase activity in type 2 diabetes and in gestational diabetes.Among the catalase gene polymorphisms rs769217 showed a weak association with type 1 diabetes. Regarding rs1001179 polymorphism patients with TT genotype have a risk for lower life expectancy.In acatalasemics the frequency of diabetes mellitus is higher (P˂0.001) than in the Hungarian population. 11 of 12 known Hungarian acatalasemia mutations are found in diabetic patients. Acatalasemia may be associated with a higher risk for diabetes mellitus especially for its type 2 form.Acatalasemia mutations could explain the decreased (˂50%) blood catalase activities only in 17.4% of the cases. Conclusions:Blood catalase activity is decreased in type 2 and gestional diabetes. Patients with inherited catalase deficiency and known acatalasemia mutation are at higher risk of diabetes mellitus.The lifelong effect of oxidative damage on the oxidant sensitive, insulin producing pancreatic beta-cells could contribute to the manifestation of diabetes mellitus especially to type 2 form. Acatalasemia mutations could explain the reason for the catalase decrease while for the other (82.6 %) cases it remains unsolved.The decreased blood catalase activity in type 2 and gestational diabetes rather due to regulatory mechanisms than to the catalase gene mutations. Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia and either insufficiency of insulin secretion or diminished insulin sensitivity. Gestational diabetes occurs with variable severity in 3%-5% of all pregnancies. It is related to oxidative stress and impaired antioxidant defense [5]. Furthermore, Hur et al., conducted a web-based search for genes associated with reactive oxygen species and diabetes mellitus. This search showed that among the targets insulin was the first and catalase the second [6].There are several reports on decreased blood catalase activities in diseases of Hungarian subjects [7][8][9][10]. The main reasons for the blood catalase decrease might be caused by gene polymorphisms and mutations as well as regulatory mechanisms [11,12].

Inverse Correlation of Superoxide Dismutase and Catalase with Type 2 Diabetes among Rural Thais

“…In the present study, CAT-T2D risk relationship was strong among individuals with high HOMA-IR and TC levels, consistent with the previous studies [5,33]. It can be explained as follows: a decreased CAT activity is related to both parameters due to the accumulation of the synergistic toxic effect between glucotoxicity, inducing insulin resistance and lipotoxicity from elevating levels of cholesterol.…”

“…Likewise, Góth et al (2016) showed significantly lower CAT activities in patients with T2D when compared with those in controls [33]. Low CAT levels can lead to T2D pathogenesis by decreasing insulin secretion and inducing oxidative damage on pancreatic β-cells [3].…”

“…Moreover, the decreased SOD and CAT levels might be caused by the activation of protein kinase C and nonenzymatic glycosylation, and the loss of cofactors, including Zn 2+ and Cu 2+ , which are components of these enzymes [5,7]. According to a previous literature review, the downregulation of SOD activity might increase superoxide radicals, leading to CAT inactivation and reduced insulin effectiveness in patients with T2D [5,33].…”

Comparative analysis of two L-carnitine preparations and their concentration effects on CAT expression in healthy human peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures

“…However, the molecular mechanism of action of supplemental Lcarnitine is not fully understood. Some forms of non-pharmacological treatments such as hyperbaric oxygenation or ethnobotanical preparations are thoroughly investigated and their positive treatment effects are associated with their effects on the expression of genes involved in oxidative stress response, apoptosis, inflammation and antiinflammatory response, DNA repair and even tumor growth inhibition (Lisanti et al, 2011;Góth et al, 2016). There is a growing interest lately to develop molecular markers for studying non-pharmacological treatment effects of known food supplements on cellular level processes (Hampton and Orrenius, 1997;Li et al, 2018).…”

Preliminary Assessments and Renoprotective Effects of Methanol Extract of Parquetina nigrescens (African Parquetina) in Diabetic Wistar Rats

“…The decrease observed in Catalase (CAT) activities in diabetic untreated may indicate that more hydrogen peroxide is produced and if this is allowed to accumulate may be potentially toxic at high concentration [28]. However, the increase observed in the treatment groups indicates that more hydrogen peroxide may have been broken down to harmless water and oxygen [28].…”