Blood Cadmium Level and Hypertension in Humans

Abstract

Blood cadmium level was determined in 29 nontreated hypertensive male subjects and 29 controls. All were individually matched for sex, age, and smoking habits. No differences were found between hypertensives (3.3 +/- 0.4 ng/ml) and normotensives (2.6 +/- 0.4 ng/ml).

Teratogenicity, Toxicity and Perinatal Effects of Cadmium

“…However, other investigations into this relationship have yielded negative findings (e.g. Dally et al, 1978), and a recent review of this topic by Bousquet ( 1979) notes that the human studies must be considered as only suggestive of the possibility of a causal connection between cadmium and hypertension.…”

Cadmium-Induced Hypertension in Rats

“…There are controversies as to wheth er Cd causes hypertension either clinically or experimentally. There is evidence for [Schroeder, 1965;Mackenzie and Kay, 1973;Glauser et al, 1976] and against [Beevers et al, 1976;Ostergaard, 1977;Dally et al, 1978] as far as clinical reports are concerned. When Cd is fed to rats orally, both positive [Schroeder and Buckman, 1967;Kanisawa and Schroeder, 1969;Perry et al, 1977Perry et al, , 1979Petering et al, 1979;Fadloun and Leach, 1980] and negative [Lener and Bibr, 1971;Doyle et al, 1975;Eakin et al, 1980] pressure effects have been reported.…”

Cardiovascular diseases and the work environment. A critical review of the epidemiologic literature on chemical factors.

“…Man y of the investigations empl oyed a "quasi case-referent" design in which sick persons (with hypertension or IHD) were compa red to health y referents (77,123,124,128,130,133,(140)(141)(142)(144)(145)(146)(147)(148)(149)(150)(151)(152)(153)(154). The se studies are called " quas i case-re ferent" becau se in reali ty they ar e crosssectional studies in which " disease" (hypertension , for exampl e) is measured simulta neously with " exposure" (for example, cadmium in blood).…”

“…One o f the wor st problems concerns the measurem ent of cadm ium exposure. Man y studies estimated the exposure by measur ing cadmium in blood (77,80,124,137,138,140,141,(148)(149)(150)(151)153). The blood cadmium level is, however, not a very reliable mea sure of the cadmium body burden.…”