Blood‐brain barrier dysfunction in canine epileptic seizures detected by dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging

Hanael, Erez; Veksler, Ronel; Friedman, Alon; Bar‐Klein, Guy; Senatorov, Vladimir V.; Kaufer, Daniela; Konstantin, Lilach; Elkin, Maria; Chai, Orit; Peery, Dana; Shamir, Merav H.

doi:10.1111/epi.14739

Cited by 18 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(116 reference statements)

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“…Besides microglia and astrocytes, BBBD, as well as named BBB leakage, is also tightly coupled to neuroinflammation [ 66 ]. In the experimental epilepsy model of animals, BBBD can promote epileptogenesis [ 3 , 67 ]. Neuroinflammation may originate directly from the central nervous system or from the peripheral circulation due to the destruction of the BBB [ 68 ].…”

Section: Brain Imaging Markersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Neuroinflammation may originate directly from the central nervous system or from the peripheral circulation due to the destruction of the BBB [ 68 ]. The leakage of plasma constituents to the extracellular neuronal environment leads to progression of neuroinflammation and enhanced cortical excitability [ 66 , 67 ]. Noninvasive quantitative measures of BBBD are clinically required to reach a more accurate identification of neuroinflammation [ 69 ].…”

Section: Brain Imaging Markersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, BBBD may be used as a biomarker to monitor the efficacy of a potential therapeutic epilepsy treatment [ 73 ]. There is recent progress in the analysis of brain dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI), in which the linear behavior of the contrast agents in the brain vasculature and parenchyma is used to evaluate BBB permeability [ 67 , 74 ]. It showed higher values of DCE-MRI index in predicting lesions with a higher propensity to cause seizure recurrence [ 75 ].…”

Section: Brain Imaging Markersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advances regarding Neuroinflammation Biomarkers with Noninvasive Techniques in Epilepsy

Hua

2021

Behavioural Neurology

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A rapidly growing body of evidence supports that neuroinflammation plays a major role in epileptogenesis and disease progression. The capacity to identify pathological neuroinflammation in individuals with epilepsy is a crucial step on the timing of anti-inflammatory intervention and patient selection, which will be challenging aspects in future clinical studies. The discovery of noninvasive biomarkers that are accessible in the blood or molecular neuroimaging would facilitate clinical translation of experimental findings into humans. These innovative and noninvasive approaches have the advantage of monitoring the dynamic changes of neuroinflammation in epilepsy. Here, we will review the available evidence for the measurement of neuroinflammation in patients with epilepsy using noninvasive techniques and critically analyze the major scientific challenges of noninvasive methods. Finally, we propose the potential for use in clinical applications.

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Section: Brain Imaging Markersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Brain Imaging Markersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Brain Imaging Markersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advances regarding Neuroinflammation Biomarkers with Noninvasive Techniques in Epilepsy

Hua

2021

Behavioural Neurology

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“…Resting state networks (RSN) share similar features in humans and animals 9 but information regarding rs-fMRI in epilepsy in non-human species are spare and limited to rodent models so far 7 . Although the dog is an established large animal model for human epilepsy 10 , 11 , studies describing rs-fMRI of the canine brain in dogs affected by naturally-occurring epilepsy are currently lacking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Naturally occurring canine idiopathic epilepsy has been proposed as a translational model for human epilepsy because the two species share similarities such as prevalence, clinical manifestation, electroencephalographic manifestation, and pharmacological response 10 , 11 , 20 – 23 . However, characterization of brain regions involved in canine epilepsy is lacking 11 , 21 , 23 , 24 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased resting state connectivity in the anterior default mode network of idiopathic epileptic dogs

Beckmann

Wang‐Leandro

Richter

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Epilepsy is one of the most common chronic, neurological diseases in humans and dogs and considered to be a network disease. In human epilepsy altered functional connectivity in different large-scale networks have been identified with functional resting state magnetic resonance imaging. Since large-scale resting state networks have been consistently identified in anesthetised dogs’ application of this technique became promising in canine epilepsy research. The aim of the present study was to investigate differences in large-scale resting state networks in epileptic dogs compared to healthy controls. Our hypothesis was, that large-scale networks differ between epileptic dogs and healthy control dogs. A group of 17 dogs (Border Collies and Greater Swiss Mountain Dogs) with idiopathic epilepsy was compared to 20 healthy control dogs under a standardized sevoflurane anaesthesia protocol. Group level independent component analysis with dimensionality of 20 components, dual regression and two-sample t test were performed and revealed significantly increased functional connectivity in the anterior default mode network of idiopathic epileptic dogs compared to healthy control dogs (p = 0.00060). This group level differences between epileptic dogs and healthy control dogs identified using a rather simple data driven approach could serve as a starting point for more advanced resting state network analysis in epileptic dogs.

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Tailoring Materials for Epilepsy Imaging: From Biomarkers to Imaging Probes

Zhao

Sun

2022

Advanced Materials

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Epilepsy is a recurrent, episodic, and complex neurological syndrome characterized by an enduring predisposition to epileptic seizures and consequent neurological, cognitive, psychological, and social problems. [1] An epileptic seizure is a transient occurrence of symptoms (such as temporary confusion, staring spells, uncontrollable jerking, and loss of awareness) caused by abnormal neuronal electrical activities. [2] As a serious health problem, epilepsy affects ≈1% of the global population, [3] and nearly 5 million people worldwide are diagnosed with epilepsy every year. Although there are now more than 20 antiseizure medications (ASMs) in active clinical use, [4] ≈20-30% of epilepsy patients fail to achieve sustained seizure freedom after adequate trial of two appropriately chosen ASMs. [5] These drugresistant epilepsy (DRE) patients are at an increased risk of injury and death, [6] unbearable medication burden and adverse effects, increased psychiatric and neurocognitive comorbidities, [7] and socioeconomic disadvantage. Therefore, the management of DRE in the clinic is a major challenge.Resection of the epileptic foci (EF), defined as the minimum area of the brain tissue that must be resected or disconnected for the abolishment of seizures, [8] is the most efficient approach for the treatment of DRE patients. [9] First, epilepsy surgery increases the prospects of patients being seizure-free. [10] Approximately 52% of the patients have no disabling seizures for 5 years after surgery, and nearly half of the patients remain free from seizures for 10 years. [11] Second, surgical treatment reduces DRE patients' mortality by two to three times [12] and extends life expectancy by an average of 5 years in comparison to patients who have received drug therapy. [13] Third, epilepsy surgery reduces individual medical expenditures for families. [14] Overall, these results suggest that DRE is potentially curable with surgical intervention. Accurate identification of the EF is a prerequisite for achieving satisfactory postsurgical outcomes. [15] However, only a small percentage of patients is recommended for surgical treatment because of the difficulty in defining EF. First, an initial clinical assessment, including history of epilepsy, semiology information, drug history, and comorbidity, will be performed in the clinic to confirm whether the patients are suitable for surgery. Next, high-resolution structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and long-term inpatient video electroencephalography (EEG) are conducted. [16] If MRI shows Excising epileptic foci (EF) is the most efficient approach for treating drugresistant epilepsy (DRE). However, owing to the vast heterogeneity of epilepsies, EF in one-third of patients cannot be accurately located, even after exhausting all current diagnostic strategies. Therefore, identifying biomarkers that truly represent the status of epilepsy and fabricating probes with high targeting specificity are prerequisites for identifying the "concealed" EF. However, no systematic summary of thi...

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Blood‐brain barrier dysfunction in canine epileptic seizures detected by dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging

Cited by 18 publications

References 45 publications

Advances regarding Neuroinflammation Biomarkers with Noninvasive Techniques in Epilepsy

Advances regarding Neuroinflammation Biomarkers with Noninvasive Techniques in Epilepsy

Increased resting state connectivity in the anterior default mode network of idiopathic epileptic dogs

Tailoring Materials for Epilepsy Imaging: From Biomarkers to Imaging Probes

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