Blood–Brain Barrier Damage and Dysfunction by Chemical Toxicity

Gupta, Ramesh C.; Pitt, Jason; Zaja‐Milatovic, Snjezana

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-800159-2.00049-x

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 124 publications

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“…Integrity of the barrier is essential for pulmonary air exchange and preventing the reflux of substances in the blood into the interstitium and alveolar space (19). Disruption of the pulmonary blood-gas barrier leads to the entry of fluids, proteins, and inflammatory mediators into the alveolar space, which is the main pathological basis of lung injury (21,22). AEC-II are the main constituent cells of the pulmonary blood-gas barrier, which can synthesize and secrete pulmonary surfactant to repair lung tissue injury (23).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tonifying-Qi-and-Detoxification Decoction attenuated injuries of colon and lung tissues in ulcerative colitis rat model via regulating NF-κB and p38MAPK pathway

Yan

Jiang

et al. 2022

Ann Transl Med

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Background: Tonifying-Qi-and-Detoxification Decoction (TQDD) is a Chinese medicine compound. This research probed the possible protective effects of TQDD on injuries of the colon and lung tissues in ulcerative colitis (UC) rat model. Methods: UC rat model was established by colon mucosal tissue sensitization combined with TNBSethanol. Ninety-six rats were randomly divided into normal control (NC), model, sulfasalazine (SASP), and TQDD (low, middle, and high dosages) groups. After 4 weeks intervention, all rats were sacrificed. The microstructure of lung tissue was observed using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) was utilized to assess the ultrastructure change of alveolar epithelial type II cells (AEC-II). The mRNA expressions of Bax, Caspase 3, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and NF-κB inhibitor α (IKBα) in tissues were measured via quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) assay. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were used to test p38MAPK, activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2), c-jun and c-fos expressions in tissues. Results: TQDD alleviated microstructure change of lung tissues, lung cell apoptosis and ultrastructure alterations of AEC-II in UC rat model. Moreover, TQDD suppressed activation of NF-κB pathway in colon and lung tissues. Besides, TQDD inhibited p38MAPK pathway in colon and lung tissues, as well as reduced ATF2, c-jun, and c-fos expressions in colon and lung tissues.Conclusions: This research confirmed the beneficial effect of TQDD on injuries of colon and lung tissues in UC rat model. TQDD attenuated injuries of lung and colon tissues in colon mucosal tissue sensitization combined with TNBS-ethanol-caused UC model via regulating NF-κB and p38MAPK pathways.

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