Blood biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease and related disorders

Zetterberg, Henrik; Schott, Jonathan M.

doi:10.1111/ane.13628

Cited by 34 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(93 reference statements)

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“…Very recent evidence indicates that up to ∼45% of all COVID-19 patients develop a mild-to-severe encephalopathy and encephalitis due to complications arising from viral-induced cytokine storm, elevated inflammatory signaling and/or antineural autoimmunity, sometimes referred to as a "cytokine storm syndrome" (Mao et al, 2020;Vigasova et al, 2021;Piekut et al, 2022). Just as is consistently observed in AD, the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), IL-8, IL-1RA and IL-18 and serum neurofilament light (NF-L) chain protein in patient CSF and blood serum, biomarkers for all-cause inflammatory neurodegeneration are significantly associated with COVID-19 severity, and patients with AD appear to be associated with more severe complications of COVID-19 including increased morbidity and mortality (Mao et al, 2020;Krey et al, 2021;Chung et al, 2022;Guasp et al, 2022;Zetterberg and Schott, 2022).…”

Section: Sars-cov-2 Ad and Increased Susceptibility To Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 91%

SARS-CoV-2 Neuroinvasion, Inflammatory Neurodegeneration and Alzheimer's Disease

Zhao

Lukiw

2022

Front. Cell. Neurosci.

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Section: Sars-cov-2 Ad and Increased Susceptibility To Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 91%

SARS-CoV-2 Neuroinvasion, Inflammatory Neurodegeneration and Alzheimer's Disease

Zhao

Lukiw

2022

Front. Cell. Neurosci.

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“…In addition, ideal biomarkers should benefit from being less invasive and fast to measure, providing results in minutes or hours, rather than days or weeks. Therefore, many biomarkers are explored in blood, saliva, or urine samples, as well as in imaging techniques including magnetic resonance or positron emission tomography (PET) ( Young et al, 2020 ; Zetterberg and Schott, 2022 ). In fact, live imaging of brain metabolism is currently proposed as an interesting biomarker method both in preclinical and clinical settings ( Zhu et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Taurine As a Therapeutic Alternative In Nervous System Patho...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Taurine and Astrocytes: A Homeostatic and Neuroprotective Relationship

Ramírez-Guerrero

Guardo-Maya

Medina-Rincón

et al. 2022

Front. Mol. Neurosci.

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Taurine is considered the most abundant free amino acid in the brain. Even though there are endogenous mechanisms for taurine production in neural cells, an exogenous supply of taurine is required to meet physiological needs. Taurine is required for optimal postnatal brain development; however, its brain concentration decreases with age. Synthesis of taurine in the central nervous system (CNS) occurs predominantly in astrocytes. A metabolic coupling between astrocytes and neurons has been reported, in which astrocytes provide neurons with hypotaurine as a substrate for taurine production. Taurine has antioxidative, osmoregulatory, and anti-inflammatory functions, among other cytoprotective properties. Astrocytes release taurine as a gliotransmitter, promoting both extracellular and intracellular effects in neurons. The extracellular effects include binding to neuronal GABAA and glycine receptors, with subsequent cellular hyperpolarization, and attenuation of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA)-mediated glutamate excitotoxicity. Taurine intracellular effects are directed toward calcium homeostatic pathway, reducing calcium overload and thus preventing excitotoxicity, mitochondrial stress, and apoptosis. However, several physiological aspects of taurine remain unclear, such as the existence or not of a specific taurine receptor. Therefore, further research is needed not only in astrocytes and neurons, but also in other glial cells in order to fully comprehend taurine metabolism and function in the brain. Nonetheless, astrocyte’s role in taurine-induced neuroprotective functions should be considered as a promising therapeutic target of several neuroinflammatory, neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases in the near future. This review provides an overview of the significant relationship between taurine and astrocytes, as well as its homeostatic and neuroprotective role in the nervous system.

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“…For example, Liang et al collected transcriptomic data coming from post-mortem brain tissue and identified region-specific gene expression alterations in AD brains 19 . In this study, we decided to pursue a blood-based gene expression analysis since the identification of a blood-based diagnostic signature could be extremely useful for pre-screening ahead of invasive and costly follow-up analysis 20 – 22 . Indeed, blood-based biomarkers represent an ideal option as the first-step of the diagnostic process beginning in primary care settings, and may help to determine which individuals should receive a referral to assessment by specialists, including CSF analysis, MRI or amyloid PET diagnostics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alzheimer’s disease: insights from a network medicine perspective

Conte

Paci

2022

Sci Rep

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease that currently lacks available effective therapy. Thus, identifying novel molecular biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment of AD is urgently demanded. In this study, we exploited tools and concepts of the emerging research area of Network Medicine to unveil a novel putative disease gene signature associated with AD. We proposed a new pipeline, which combines the strengths of two consolidated algorithms of the Network Medicine: DIseAse MOdule Detection (DIAMOnD), designed to predict new disease-associated genes within the human interactome network; and SWItch Miner (SWIM), designed to predict important (switch) genes within the co-expression network. Our integrated computational analysis allowed us to enlarge the set of the known disease genes associated to AD with additional 14 genes that may be proposed as new potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for AD phenotype.

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Blood biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease and related disorders

Cited by 34 publications

References 45 publications

SARS-CoV-2 Neuroinvasion, Inflammatory Neurodegeneration and Alzheimer's Disease

SARS-CoV-2 Neuroinvasion, Inflammatory Neurodegeneration and Alzheimer's Disease

Taurine and Astrocytes: A Homeostatic and Neuroprotective Relationship

Alzheimer’s disease: insights from a network medicine perspective

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