Blocking of Petit‐mal Attacks by Sensory Arousal and Inhibition of Attacks by an Active Change in Attention during the Epileptic Aura*

Jung, R.

doi:10.1111/j.1528-1157.1962.tb06180.x

Cited by 52 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…They confirm and extend the findings that sensory stimuli can inhibit or attenuate seizure activity in human patients (Efron 1956, Henner 1963, Jung 1963, Servit et al 1963 or in animals. Sensory stimuli disrupt epileptic activity produced by aluminum oxide applied to the intralaminar nucleus (Guerrero-Figueroa et al 1963) or hippocampus (Guerrero-Figueroa et al 1966), by penicillin applied to the center median thalamic nucleus (Atzev 1963), by strychnine applied to the cortex (Lairy-Bounes et al 1952), by auditory stimulation (BureS 1953, Lindsley et al 1943) and by electroconvulsive shock De Luca 1969, Pinel 1971).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Blockage of Highly‐stable “Kindled” Seizures in Rats by Antecedent Footshock

1973

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Goddard (1967) and Goddard et al. (1969) applied daily bipolar electrical stimulation to the brains of rats, the strength of the current too low to produce a behavioral response. With time, stimulus-induced epileptic activity appeared at many but not all electrode sites, and developed progressively until eventually each stimulation reliably produced a bilateral, clonic convulsion. The number of stimulations essential to kindle motor seizures decreased as the interval between stimulations approached 24 hr, massed stimulation being largely ineffective. Racine (1972a, b) reported that, in addition to accentuating motor seizures, daily electrical stimulation lowered the threshold of after-discharge. The two effects were independent in that stimulation could reduce the threshold of after-discharge without affecting kindling ; however, the number of after-discharges evoked appeared to be the most important single factor in determining the number of stimulations required to kindle motor seizures.Kindled seizures may provide a valuable model to study experimental epilepsy, since daily localized electrical stimulation of the brain allows experimental control of the parameters of the stimulus, the site stimulated, and the time of onset of the seizure.Previous investigators, more interested in the kindling process itself, have not studied systematically the stability of individual animals that have been kindled to exhibit full motor seizures. If each animal displays seizures with the same behavioral and electrographic features, the effects even of those variables that have only a subtle effect on seizure activity could be gauged. Consequently, the initial aim of the experiments reported here was to determine whether highly stable kindled seizures can be produced in rats.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Blockage of Highly‐stable “Kindled” Seizures in Rats by Antecedent Footshock

1973

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“…In addition, several methods of eliminating seizure-related activity by activating multiple sensory modalities have been demonstrated. These include the reduction of absence seizures by acoustic stimuli (Rajna and Lona, 1989) and the reduction of interictal focal activity or absence seizures by motor or mental activity (Jung, 1962;Ricci et al, 1972) or by thermal stimulation (McLachlan, 1993). Because such a wide range of manipulations can reduce seizure-related activity, it is reasonable to suggest that seizure reduction in these cases is caused by a generalized effect on arousal mediated by the brainstem reticular formation.…”

Section: Mechanism Of Seizure Reduction By Cranial Nerve Stimulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduction of Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Seizure Activity in Awake Rats by Seizure-Triggered Trigeminal Nerve Stimulation

Fanselow¹,

2000

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Stimulation of the vagus nerve has become an effective method for desynchronizing the highly coherent neural activity typically associated with epileptic seizures. This technique has been used in several animal models of seizures as well as in humans suffering from epilepsy. However, application of this technique has been limited to unilateral stimulation of the vagus nerve, typically delivered according to a fixed duty cycle, independently of whether ongoing seizure activity is present. Here, we report that stimulation of another cranial nerve, the trigeminal nerve, can also cause cortical and thalamic desynchronization, resulting in a reduction of seizure activity in awake rats. Furthermore, we demonstrate that providing this stimulation only when seizure activity begins results in more effective and safer seizure reduction per second of stimulation than with previous methods. Seizure activity induced by intraperitoneal injection of pentylenetetrazole was recorded from microwire electrodes in the thalamus and cortex of awake rats while the infraorbital branch of the trigeminal nerve was stimulated via a chronically implanted nerve cuff electrode. Continuous unilateral stimulation of the trigeminal nerve reduced electrographic seizure activity by up to 78%, and bilateral trigeminal stimulation was even more effective. Using a device that automatically detects seizure activity in real time on the basis of multichannel field potential signals, we demonstrated that seizure-triggered stimulation was more effective than the stimulation protocol involving a fixed duty cycle, in terms of the percent seizure reduction per second of stimulation. In contrast to vagus nerve stimulation studies, no substantial cardiovascular side effects were observed by unilateral or bilateral stimulation of the trigeminal nerve. These findings suggest that trigeminal nerve stimulation is safe in awake rats and should be evaluated as a therapy for human seizures. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that seizure-triggered trigeminal nerve stimulation is technically feasible and could be further developed, in conjunction with real-time seizure-predicting paradigms, to prevent seizures and reduce exposure to nerve stimulation.

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“…The effects of sensory stimuli, mental activity and emotional state have been studied on generalized discharges (Symonds 1959;Jung 1962;Paulson 1963;Arseni et al 1967) and on petit ma1 absence (Jung 1962; Ounsted and Hutt 1964;Vidart and Geier 1967;Guey et al 1969). There are few studies of interictal focal activity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Interictal Focal Activity and Spike‐Wave Paroxysms during Motor and Mental Activity*

Ricci¹,

Berti²,

Cherubini³

1972

Epilepsia

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SUMMARY The number of focal spikes or sharp waves was studied in 5 epileptic children during movement of the limbs and during psychological tests. Another patient studied had frequent petit mal absences. All the patients showed a clear diminution in paroxysmal activity during simple arithmetical calculations, and rebound, i.e. increase in the number of discharges, after the tests. In the 5 children with focal spikes and sharp waves, both mental tests and passive and active movements of the limbs caused the abnormalities to diminish or disappear independent of the site of the EEG focus. The effect was more marked when the limbs were moved contralateral to the affected hemisphere. There was rebound with increase in the number of spikes and sharp waves after the movements as well as after the tests. In the patient with petit mal attacks the number of cortical discharges diminished during mental tests but was not modified during movements of the limbs. Also in this patient there was rebound with an increase in spike‐and‐wave discharges after the test. RÉSUMÉ On a étudié le nombre des pointes ou des pointes lentes focales chez 5 enfants épileptiques au cours de mouvements des membres et pendant des tests psychologiques. Un autre sujet étudié présentait de nombreuses absences petit mal. Chez tous les patients, il y avait une nette diminution de l'activité paroxystique pendant des calculs arithmétiques simples et un “rebond” c'est à dire une augmentation des décharges après les tests. Chez les 5 enfants présentant des décharges de pointes et pointes lentes focales, les tests mentaux et les mouvements passifs ou actifs diminuaient ou faisaient disparaître les décharges, indépendamment de la topographie du foyer EEG. La diminution des décharges focales sur l'hémisphère était plus marquée lors des mouvements des membres controlatéraux. Il y avait un “rebond” après la fin des mouvements et des tests. Chez le sujet avec absences typiques, le nombre des décharges diminuait pendant les tests mentaux, mais n‘était pas modifié par les mouvements. Chez ce dernier également, il y avait un “rebond” avec augmentation des décharges de pointe‐ondes après les tests.

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Blocking of Petit‐mal Attacks by Sensory Arousal and Inhibition of Attacks by an Active Change in Attention during the Epileptic Aura*

Cited by 52 publications

References 3 publications

Blockage of Highly‐stable “Kindled” Seizures in Rats by Antecedent Footshock

Blockage of Highly‐stable “Kindled” Seizures in Rats by Antecedent Footshock

Reduction of Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Seizure Activity in Awake Rats by Seizure-Triggered Trigeminal Nerve Stimulation

Changes in Interictal Focal Activity and Spike‐Wave Paroxysms during Motor and Mental Activity*

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