Blockchain-Based Adaptive Trust Management in Internet of Vehicles Using Smart Contract

Singh, Pranav Kumar; Singh, Roshan; Nandi, Sunit Kumar; Ghafoor, Kayhan Zrar; Rawat, Danda B.; Nandi, Sukumar

doi:10.1109/tits.2020.3004041

Cited by 90 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Thus, the design, implementation, evaluation, and analysis of smart contracts will be helpful to explore and extend for autonomous vehicles and systems. For example, In [215][255] [258], smart contracts are discussed with respect to trust management approaches for blockchainintegrated vehicular networks. In these smart contractbased approaches, the reputation of the vehicular network is build using trust management.…”

Section: B Future Directions and Possible Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blockchain and Autonomous Vehicles: Recent Advances and Future Directions

et al. 2021

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Blockchain is an underlying technology for securing many real-time applications and their data. The automobile is one such sector in which auto-manufacturers are looking forward to accepting the advantages of distributed ledger technology in autonomous vehicles or systems and improving their products, customer satisfaction, and other valuable experiences. This work aims to find the significance of blockchain technology in Autonomous Vehicles, including Autonomous Electric Vehicles (AEV), Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUV), Autonomous Guided Vehicles (AGV), Autonomous Aerial Vehicles (AAeV), and Autonomous Driving. In this work, a comparative analysis of blockchain-integrated autonomous vehicle systems is explored to identify the present scenario and futuristic challenges. In addition to blockchain technology, the uses and importance of sensors, architectures and infrastructure requirements, vehicle types, driving modes, vehicles target and tracking approaches, intelligent contracts, intelligent data handling, and industry-specific use cases are also explored. This study is based on the exploration of recent technologies and practices. As autonomous vehicles are expected to be the future of intelligent transportation, this paper surveys recent advances in autonomous vehicles and systems and how blockchain can help in improving user experiences and improving industry practices. Finally, limitations of work, future research directions, and challenges associated with different autonomous vehicles and systems are presented.

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Section: B Future Directions and Possible Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blockchain and Autonomous Vehicles: Recent Advances and Future Directions

et al. 2021

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“…Then, vehicles in the network select the most suitable channel according to the vehicle density and the requirement (throughput sensitive or latency sensitive) of the application that initiates the message to achieve better resource utilization and system performance. Different from the existing studies that mostly focus on how to utilize the trust management function or incentive mechanism of the blockchain technology [42]- [44], we focus on the vehicle density difference between different hours in a geographical area, and then design a new scheme to improve the performance of the blockchain system.…”

Section: B Architecturementioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Channel Blockchain Scheme for Internet of Vehicles

Gao

Yoshinaga

et al. 2021

IEEE Open J. Comput. Soc.

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With the development of advanced information and communication technology, the traditional centralized service model alone no longer meets the increasing demand of data exchange in intelligent transportation systems (ITS). While Internet of Vehicles (IoV) technology has been introduced to achieve more advanced ITS, there are still some unsettled issues such as flexibility and fault tolerance. The conventional centralized approach for ITS is vulnerable to the single point of failure, and lack of flexibility due to its dependence on a trusted third party (TTP). The emergence of blockchain technology provides a potential direction to address these problems. However, due to varying vehicle densities, it is challenging to select the best blockchain parameters to satisfy the application requirements. In this paper, we propose a multi-channel blockchain scheme that can use the best parameters in accordance with the vehicle density. The proposed scheme first defines multiple blockchain channels where each channel is optimized for a certain vehicle density level. Then, the system selects the best channel according to the vehicle density, and the application requirements on the transaction throughput and latency. We use extensive simulations to show that the proposed blockchain scheme achieves a significantly better performance as compared with existing baselines.INDEX TERMS Blockchain, IoV, hyperledger fabric, channel management.

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“…Transactions in blockchain are not restricted to just finance and include several other types of information, and the process of recording a transaction involves many steps. 56,57 These include instructions such as querying, sharing, and storing. Once a transaction has been validated, its respective block is mined and linked to the previous block.…”

Section: Life Cycle Of a Transactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Framework for determining the suitability of blockchain: Criteria and issues to consider

Hassija

Zeadally

Jain

et al. 2021

Trans Emerging Tel Tech

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Various distributed ledger technologies (DLTs), such as blockchain, have evolved significantly in recent years. These technologies provide a robust and effective solution for providing confidentiality, integrity, nonrepudiation, authentication, and transparency. While blockchain has many advantages, it has various limitations as well, such as complexity, low throughput, privacy, and so on. We discuss the issues that must be considered when deciding whether to use these technologies in a given case or not. We describe the operation of blockchain, application areas where blockchain is suitable, and those where it is not. We also discuss the applicability of other emerging DLTs, apart from blockchain technology, such as Hashgraph, Zcash, Nano coin, and IOTA. INTRODUCTIONAs the name suggests, a blockchain can be considered as a database where digital information (ie, "Blocks") is stored in a distributed network as a chain of blocks. Blockchain falls in the class of distributed ledger technologies (DLT) that allow a database to be used and maintained in a distributed manner. Blockchain provides a shared ledger of transactions 1 that can be read, verified and stored in the form of blocks, forming a chain-like structure. Depending on the size of the transaction, a block may store up to a few thousand transactions (eg, a single block in the bitcoin blockchain can store about 1 MB of data). The security and anonymity provided by blockchain relies on the use of public key based digital signatures, hash functions, and the distributed nature of the database. Participants in a blockchain are connected through a peer-to-peer (P2P) network and are independent of each other. 2 This architecture allows the sharing of resources, 3 avoids single point of failure, and reduces the likelihood of data tampering because the data is not stored or managed by specific nodes. [4][5][6] However, there are many challenges 7 that need to be resolved in the case of distributed networks. These challenges include accountability, confidentiality, integrity, nonrepudiation, and authentication, due to the absence of any central authority. Another major issue is trust because there is no central authority that can resolve any ambiguities or disagreements that may occur. Blockchain resolves all these issues. Confidentiality and authentication are ensured using two-way encryption, that is, by encrypting the data first by the sender's private key and then by the receiver's public key. To decrypt it, first the receiver's private key is used and then the sender's public key. Consequently, data remains confidential, integrity is achieved and because the data can be obtained using sender's public key, it acts as a digital signature that authenticates the data and eliminates the possibility of nonrepudiation. Trust is obtained by introducing a consensus Trans Emerging Tel Tech.

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Blockchain-Based Adaptive Trust Management in Internet of Vehicles Using Smart Contract

Cited by 90 publications

References 45 publications

Blockchain and Autonomous Vehicles: Recent Advances and Future Directions

Blockchain and Autonomous Vehicles: Recent Advances and Future Directions

Multi-Channel Blockchain Scheme for Internet of Vehicles

Framework for determining the suitability of blockchain: Criteria and issues to consider

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