Blockchain and AI-Based Solutions to Combat Coronavirus (COVID-19)-Like Epidemics: A Survey

Nguyen, Dinh C.; Ding, Ming; Pathirana, Pubudu N.; Seneviratne, Aruna

doi:10.1109/access.2021.3093633

Cited by 121 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 151 publications

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“…There must be a law to be enforced to ensure and protect the privacy of patients, banking subtleties, shopping records, and so forth. The governments or a trusted third party as in [3], they forced to exploit encryption models to force data security and privacy laws on COVID-19 tracking applications to guarantee the privacy and safety of the society during this outrageous pandemic [4].…”

Section: Issn: 2088-8708 mentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-round encryption for COVID-19 data using the DNA key

Al-Shargabi¹,

Al-Husainy²

2022

IJECE

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The need for a reliable and fast encryption algorithm to encrypt medical data for patients is an extremely important topic to be considered especially during pandemic times such as the pandemic COVID-19. This pandemic forced governments and healthcare institutions to monitor COVID-19 patients. All the patient's data or records are also shared among healthcare researchers to be used to help them find vaccines or cures for this pandemic. Therefore, protecting such data (images, text) or records face an everincreasing number of risks. In this paper, a novel multi-round encryption algorithm based on deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is proposed. The significance of the proposed algorithm comes from using a different random key to perform simple and fast encryption operations on multiple rounds to achieve a high level of confusion and diffusion effects in encrypted data. Experiments were conducted using a set of datasets of various types such as Excel sheets, images, and database tables. The experiments were conducted to test the performance and security level of the proposed encryption algorithm against well-known algorithms such as data encryption standard (DES) and advanced encryption standard (AES). The experiments show an outstanding performance regarding the encryption time, key size, information entropy, and the avalanche effects.

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Section: Issn: 2088-8708 mentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-round encryption for COVID-19 data using the DNA key

Al-Shargabi¹,

Al-Husainy²

2022

IJECE

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“…In contrast, Torky and Hassanien [38] suggest a proposal to employ blockchain to automatically identify COVID-19 infected patients and determine the outbreak risk of the COVID-19 among the public. The writers employed the decentralization characteristic of blockchain to collect the information of the approved COVID-19-patients.…”

Section: Blockchain and Covid-19 Crisis-previous Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The new form of the suggested P2P-mobile application will support users to automatically measure the outbreak likelihood of the COVID-19 virus propagation and to aid the authorities in discovering hidden infected sufferers. The system is mainly based on four subsystems, a P2P-mobile application, a blockchain platform, infection verifier subsystem, and a mass-surveillance system [38].…”

Section: Blockchain-based P2p-mobile Application Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although there are advantages in blockchain technology that can fight against the COVID-19 pandemic, there is a slow and limited adoption of blockchain technology. One of the main reasons for this is: (A) there are no laws to manage blockchain technology or specific plans to manage risks; (B) lack of encouragement and initiative by companies to change their traditional commercial practices; (C) lack of sufficient expertise in blockchain technology; (D) the high rate of energy consumption affects the efficiency of mining operations for a system-based blockchain, which affects its ability to adapt; and (E) the spread of miners operations around the world and the lack of privacy laws that are applicable to them have led organizations to abstain from using blockchain technology [38,61,72,73].…”

Section: Limited Adoption Of Blockchain Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Role of Blockchain Technology in Combating COVID-19 Crisis

et al. 2021

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The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively affected aspects of human life and various sectors, especially the health sector. These conditions led to the creation of new patterns of life that people have had to deal with to reduce the spread of the epidemic by committing to social distancing, among others. Therefore, governments and technological organizations had to take advantage of technological developments in the current era to overcome these challenges that were created by these conditions. In this paper, we will discuss the role of the blockchain in combating the COVID-19 crisis. Then we will review the recently recorded blockchain-based research proposals to control the COVID-19 pandemic. Finally, we will highlight the challenges of using blockchain to combat the COVID-19 pandemic and find solutions to mitigate these challenges.

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“…Blockchain is not neglected in this fight, as it now plays a pivotal role in assisting health authorities [18] and governments around the world to address many challenges of COVID-19 [19,20]. In the COVID-19 epidemic, it is necessary to think of non-traditional solutions for controlling the spread of COVID-19 using blockchain as a critical emerging technology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 Contact Tracing and Detection-Based on Blockchain Technology

et al. 2021

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The fight against the COVID-19 pandemic still involves many struggles and challenges. The greatest challenge that most governments are currently facing is the lack of a precise, accurate, and automated mechanism for detecting and tracking new COVID-19 cases. In response to this challenge, this study proposes the first blockchain-based system, called the COVID-19 contact tracing system (CCTS), to verify, track, and detect new cases of COVID-19. The proposed system consists of four integrated components: an infection verifier subsystem, a mass surveillance subsystem, a P2P mobile application, and a blockchain platform for managing all transactions between the three subsystem models. To investigate the performance of the proposed system, CCTS has been simulated and tested against a created dataset consisting of 300 confirmed cases and 2539 contacts. Based on the metrics of the confusion matrix (i.e., recall, precision, accuracy, and F1 Score), the detection evaluation results proved that the proposed blockchain-based system achieved an average of accuracy of 75.79% and a false discovery rate (FDR) of 0.004 in recognizing persons in contact with COVID-19 patients within two different areas of infection covered by GPS. Moreover, the simulation results also demonstrated the success of the proposed system in performing self-estimation of infection probabilities and sending and receiving infection alerts in P2P communications in crowds of people by users. The infection probability results have been calculated using the binomial distribution function technique. This result can be considered unique compared with other similar systems in the literature. The new system could support governments, health authorities, and citizens in making critical decisions regarding infection detection, prediction, tracking, and avoiding the COVID-19 outbreak. Moreover, the functionality of the proposed CCTS can be adapted to work against any other similar pandemics in the future.

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Blockchain and AI-Based Solutions to Combat Coronavirus (COVID-19)-Like Epidemics: A Survey

Cited by 121 publications

References 151 publications

Multi-round encryption for COVID-19 data using the DNA key

Multi-round encryption for COVID-19 data using the DNA key

Role of Blockchain Technology in Combating COVID-19 Crisis

COVID-19 Contact Tracing and Detection-Based on Blockchain Technology

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