Block‐like plate movements in eastern Anatolia observed by InSAR

Cavalié, Olivier; Jónsson, Sigurjón

doi:10.1002/2013gl058170

Cited by 78 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…The localization of strain in Eastern Turkey has previously been used to support the concept that continental crust deforms by the differential motion of rigid, nondeforming blocks, with Eastern Anatolia defined as one such block [e.g., Reilinger et al, 2006;Cavalié and Jónsson, 2014]. However, our results show that there are large residuals to the best fitting block for Eastern Anatolia, implying that this region deforms.…”

Section: Wang and Wrightsupporting

confidence: 52%

“…These residuals fall outside the area covered by our InSAR data, but they show that although the block model predicts significant convergence across the fault at its eastern end, this is not supported by our velocity field and by the GPS data. We therefore suggest that although rotation is necessary to describe the overall kinematics of Eastern Anatolia, it cannot be well described as a single rigid block as proposed by previous authors [Reilinger et al, 2006;Cavalié and Jónsson, 2014], due to large systematic misfit to the best fitting block model.…”

Section: Wang and Wrightmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…measurements [Wright et al, 2001;Walters et al, 2011;Cavalié and Jónsson, 2014], the EAF has been subject to less geodetic study [McClusky et al, 2000;Reilinger et al, 2006;Cavalié and Jónsson, 2014]. Vertical deformation across the region is also not well characterized.…”

Section: Wang and Wrightmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the earliest InSAR interseismic studies were based on small stacks of interferograms [e.g., Wright et al, 2001], current such studies commonly involve analysis of hundreds of interferograms spanning several overlapping tracks and across regions hundreds of kilometers wide [e.g., Jolivet et al, 2012;Kaneko et al, 2013;Tong et al, 2013;Cavalié and Jónsson, 2014]. New SAR missions such as Sentinel-1, with regular acquisitions and frequent revisit times, will enable InSAR to be used to map crustal deformation on the global scale, and to be incorporated into maps of global strain rate, which are currently based on GPS measurements alone [e.g., Kreemer et al, 2003].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Constraining crustal velocity fields with InSAR for Eastern Turkey: Limits to the block‐like behavior of Eastern Anatolia

2014

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The Sentinel-1 satellite mission will enable global strain rate mapping from interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) and GPS data, and methods to combine these data in velocity fields will become increasingly important. Here we use InSAR to measure interseismic deformation in Eastern Turkey, across a ∼250,000 km 2 area that spans the Arabia-Eurasia plate boundary zone. From our InSAR data we first estimate slip rates and locking depths for the North and East Anatolian Faults (NAF and EAF) of 20 ± 3 mm/yr and ∼16 km and 11 ± 3 mm/yr and ∼16 km, respectively, but we also combine the InSAR data with existing GPS velocity measurements to construct high-resolution velocity and strain rate fields across the region for the first time. We calculate 2-D and 3-D velocity fields and find that strain is mainly localized across the NAF and EAF and that there is negligible differential vertical motion across the Eastern Anatolian plateau. We also show that high-resolution 2-D strain rate fields can be calculated from InSAR alone, even in the absence of GPS data. We fit a block model to our velocity field and estimate slip rates of ∼21 mm/yr and ∼8 mm/yr for the NAF and EAF, showing that our previous estimates differ from these values because they neglected crustal rotation. Although this rotation is an important component of the velocity field in Eastern Turkey, systematic residuals between our velocity field and the best fitting block for Anatolia suggest that the region is not block-like as proposed by previous authors.

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Section: Wang and Wrightsupporting

confidence: 52%

Section: Wang and Wrightmentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Wang and Wrightmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Constraining crustal velocity fields with InSAR for Eastern Turkey: Limits to the block‐like behavior of Eastern Anatolia

2014

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“…In order to do a comprehensive analysis of the whole margin, this inland ground motion can be compared to submarine analysis that studied the sea-floor deformations (Kelner et al, 2014). To track the deformation evolution through time and increase the signal-to-noise ratio of the averaged velocity over the period 2003-2011, we perform a time series analysis of the SAR images that has been successfully used to measure centimetric ground motion related to volcanoes (Hooper et al, 2008), ground subsidence related to surface load changes (Cavalié et al, 2007), urban subsidence due to ground compaction (López-Quiroz et al, 2009), or active tectonic (Cavalié and Jónsson, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detailed quantification of delta subsidence, compaction and interaction with man-made structures: the case of the NCA airport, France

Cavalié¹,

Sladen²,

Kelner³

2015

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. River deltas are dynamic coastal systems and their evolutions are closely monitored as it often concentrates vital natural resources for the surrounding areas. Many deltas worldwide experience subsidence due to geological processes (sediment loading and compaction) or human activities (groundwater or hydrocarbon extraction, land reclamation). This causes shoreline erosion or wetland loss which represent serious issues for the population. In this study we investigate the dynamic of the Var delta (France) where reclaimed lands over sea have been built to host the Nice côte d'Azur airport (NCA). Actually, the stability of this infrastructure is a permanent concern since, in 1979, a newly built extension of the runway platform collapsed in the sea, causing important damages. The project of land extension stopped, but the present airport platform is still located on reclaimed land. Factors that can trigger such catastrophic landslide are thought to be linked to the delta activity and the artificial airport platform load. We used, therefore, Envisat InSAR data to measure accurately the ground deformation of the area that includes the Var delta and NCA airport. Combining data from ascending and descending orbits, we estimated the east-west and vertical components of the deformation and obtained very accurate displacement rate (with a 1σ error of 0.25 mm yr −1 ). We found that nearly all the deformation is vertical and impacts the whole Var delta. The Var valley subsides at a very low rate (0.5-1 mm yr −1 ) but downstream the subsidence rate increases and a clear jump is observed at the transition with the reclaimed lands (1-2 mm yr −1 ). On average, the reclaimed lands subside at 3 mm yr −1 . Since the subsidence rate increases in correlation with the sediment thickness, we interpret it as the compaction of the delta quaternary sedimentary wedge. In addition, three areas subside faster (between 5 and 10 mm yr −1 ), with one calling for more attention as it is the largest and overlooks the steep Var canyon. The progressive increase of subsidence rates toward the sea also suggests that the underwater parts of the margins could subside at rates well above 10 mm yr −1 .

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InSAR velocity field across the North Anatolian Fault (eastern Turkey): Implications for the loading and release of interseismic strain accumulation

et al. 2014

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We use the Persistent Scatterer Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (PS-InSAR) technique with the European Space Agency's Envisat and ERS SAR data acquired on three neighboring descending tracks (T350, T078, and T307) to map the interseismic strain accumulation along a~225 km long, NW-SE trending section of the North Anatolian Fault that ruptured during the 1939, 1942, and 1943 earthquakes in eastern Turkey. We derive a line-of-sight velocity map of the region with a high spatial resolution and accuracy which, together with the maps of earthquake surface ruptures, shed light on the style of continental deformation and the relationships between the loading and release of interseismic strain along segmented continental strike-slip faults. In contrast with the geometric complexities at the ground surface that appear to control rupture propagation of the 1939 event, modeling of the high-resolution PS-InSAR velocity field reveals a fairly linear and narrow throughgoing shear zone with an overall 20 ± 3 mm/yr slip rate above an unexpectedly shallow 7 ± 2 km locking depth. Such a shallow locking depth may result from the postseismic effects following recent earthquakes or from a simplified model that assumes a uniform degree of locking with depth on the fault. A narrow throughgoing shear zone supports the thick lithosphere model in which continental strike-slip faults are thought to extend as discrete shear zones through the entire crust. Fault segmentation previously reported from coseismic surface ruptures is thus likely inherited from heterogeneities in the upper crust that either preexist and/or develop during coseismic rupture propagation. The geometrical complexities that apparently persist for long periods may guide the dynamic rupture propagation surviving thousands of earthquake cycles.

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Block‐like plate movements in eastern Anatolia observed by InSAR

Cited by 78 publications

References 35 publications

Constraining crustal velocity fields with InSAR for Eastern Turkey: Limits to the block‐like behavior of Eastern Anatolia

Constraining crustal velocity fields with InSAR for Eastern Turkey: Limits to the block‐like behavior of Eastern Anatolia

Detailed quantification of delta subsidence, compaction and interaction with man-made structures: the case of the NCA airport, France

InSAR velocity field across the North Anatolian Fault (eastern Turkey): Implications for the loading and release of interseismic strain accumulation

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