The progression of lung cancer is highly associated with the aberrant activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase and the positive feedback loop between cancer cells and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Hence, we use chitosan (CS) as a backbone and L-Arginine (L-Arg) as lateral chains to synthesize a biocompatible copolymer [(CS)-co-(L-Arg)]. With the electrostatic coupling between Au particles and [(CS)-co-(L-Arg)], the copolymer was further fabricated into [(CS)-co-(L-Arg)]-(AuNPs) nanoparticles with a nest-type perforated structure (CAAu NPs). Owing to the perforated structure and cationic property, CAAu NPs exhibit a high capacity for coloading of gefitinib (GFT) and miR125b, forming GFT-miR125b@CAAu nanomedicine. GFT-miR125b@CAAu shows a pulmonary-anchoring advantage, which is attributed to the mucoadhesion of the CS backbone. Meanwhile, L-Arg residues play a biomimetic role, which endows GFT-miR125b@CAAu with efficient internalization by cancer cells through Arg transportermediated endocytosis. Within the acidic tumor microenvironment, the electrostatic bonding of GFT-miR125b@CAAu cleaves, which facilitates pH-responsive release of GFT and miR125b. By combination of EGFR blocking and miR125b augmenting, GFT-miR125b@CAAu nanomedicine not only inhibits cancer cell survival but also deactivates protumoral TAMs, implementing a combination therapy against lung cancer.