Block copolymer electrolytes for rechargeable lithium batteries

Young, Wen‐Shiue; Kuan, Wei‐Fan; Epps, Thomas H.

doi:10.1002/polb.23404

Cited by 360 publications

(385 citation statements)

References 148 publications

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“…Block-copolymer solid-state electrolytes have the potential to overcome the 10 −4 S cm −1 conductivity barrier; and further developments are being demanded to endow both high ionic transport and good mechanical stability. [80][81][82][83] Recent developments further demonstrate liquid-like conductivities in super-ionic glass-ceramic Li-ion and Na-ion electrolytes, Li 10 GeP 2 S 12 and Na 3 PS 4 respectively, while hybrid polymer-ceramic electrolytes are being explored to alleviate mechanical issues. [84][85][86] Particular attention should be given to the solid-state and gel electrolytes.…”

Section: Conventional Cell Confi Gurations and Manufacturing Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design Considerations for Unconventional Electrochemical Energy Storage Architectures

Vlad

Singh

Galande

et al. 2015

Advanced Energy Materials

286

204

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all need to be used in conjugation with an energy storage system to provide smooth power leveling. Currently, electrochemical energy storage systems are by far the most optimal solutions for powering a broad range of technologies, expanding from compact and light-weighted portable electronic devices to stationary gridscale energy storage applications. [3][4][5][6] These energy storage devices (batteries and supercapacitors) store the available electrical energy in the form of chemical energy and release it whenever needed, by simply reversing the electrochemical reaction. [7][8][9][10][11] Among various available battery chemistries, lithium batteries and supercapacitors are the most promising technologies. [ 7,[9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] Ever since the realization of the fi rst electrochemical energy storage cell by Alessandro Volta (end of 17th century), the working principle and its function has changed very little. [ 21,22 ] Basically, two redox couples (or charge storage electrodes), electrically and physically separated, are bridged by an ion conducting medium to constitute an electrochemical cell. This holds true also for modern Li-ion batteries, although the chemistry involved is much more complex. During operation, the electrons are transferred through an external circuit while ions shuttle through the electrolyte to counterbalance the depleted charge at the electrodes. [ 23 ] So far, much of the effort has been directed towards improvement of the energy and power characteristics by downsizing the active components, re-engineering the current collectors and separators, as well as fi ne-tuning the Batteries have become fundamental building blocks for the mobility of modern society. Continuous development of novel battery chemistries and electrode materials has nourished progress in building better batteries. Simultaneously, novel device form factors and designs with multi-functional components have been proposed, requiring batteries to not only integrate seamlessly to these devices, but to also be a multi-functional component for a multitude of applications. Thus, in the past decade, along with developments in the component materials, the focus has been shifting more and more towards novel fabrication processes, unconventional confi gurations, and additional functionalities. This work attempts to critically review the developments with respect to emerging electrochemical energy storage confi gurations, including, amongst others, paintable, transparent, fl exible, wire or cable shaped, ultra-thin and ultra-thick confi gurations, as well as hybrid energy storage-conversion, or graphene-incorporated batteries and supercapacitors. The performance requirements are elaborated together with the advantages, but also the limitations, with respect to established electrochemical energy storage technologies. Finally, challenges in developing novel materials with tailored properties that would allow such confi gurations, and in designing easier manufacturing techniques that can be widely adopted ar...

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Section: Conventional Cell Confi Gurations and Manufacturing Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design Considerations for Unconventional Electrochemical Energy Storage Architectures

Vlad

Singh

Galande

et al. 2015

Advanced Energy Materials

286

204

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The solution to the governing expression subject to the boundary-condition constraints is dependent on four dimensionless ratios: 3 /S 2 and t + . These four parameters can be fit to experimental data, or alternatively, the parameters D 1 /D 2 , D 3 /D 2 , and S 3 /S 2 can be experimentally determined to constrain the measurement of t + .…”

Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Method of Measuring Salt Transference Numbers in Ion-Selective Membranes

Vardner

Ling

Russell

et al. 2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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A technique to measure the cation-transference number of salts in fully hydrated ion-selective membranes has been developed and demonstrated on Nafion 117 for LiCl and Li 2 SO 4 . Dilute solution theory is used to identify experimental conditions that reduce the propagation of uncertainties in membrane properties to transference number estimates. This technique has advantages over commonly used methods, including the elimination of the need for the analysis of electrode potentials in approaches that exploit electroanalytical methods or the need for additional information required to reconcile NMR-based methods with the bulk transport property. It additionally allows for numerous measurements per day and offers the possibility to relate trace measurements of either cations or anions to values of transference number. For LiCl both modes of the technique were employed; the anion-tracer method is more precise and gives t + = 0.936 ± 0.010. The experimental procedure was repeated using the cation-tracer method for Li 2 SO 4 , and t + = 0.95 ± 0.06 was estimated. The 21 st century presents a key challenge in energy storage due to the intermittency of wind and solar energy sources. Lithium ion batteries, fuel cells, and redox flow batteries are promising technologies for energy storage since they have high energy densities, are environmentally friendly, and have an array of other desirable properties. [1][2][3][4][5][6] Solid electrolytes are ubiquitous for these energy storage systems since they serve the important function of mechanical separation between electrodes. In addition, solid electrolytes circumvent several problems associated with liquid electrolytes such as the leakage of electrolyte solution and the reaction of volatile organic solvents.7 Of the solid electrolytes, polymer electrolytes have garnered the most interest in recent years. [8][9][10][11] These membranes facilitate ionic transport between electrodes, inhibit electron flow between electrodes, prevent direct contact between electrodes, and minimize mixing of the anolyte and catholyte.In recent decades, researchers have sought to understand the relationship between the molecular structure of polymer electrolytes and their performance. These structure-property relationships have been developed for two major types of polymer electrolytes: (I) mixtures of salts in high molecular weight polymers and (II) polymerized ionic liquids (single ion conductors). Polyethylene oxide (PEO), polypropylene oxide (PPO), and 4 poly[bis(methoxy-ethoxyethoxy) phosphazene] (MEEP) are all promising Type I polymer electrolytes.12-16 The electron-donating groups incorporated into the polymer architecture are responsible for solvating the lithium ion while the fast segmental dynamics promote high ionic conductivities through fluctuation-driven diffusion. [17][18][19] However, Type I polymer electrolytes typically suffer from poor mechanical properties, which is an unfortunate compromise for the fast segmental dynamics. Furthermore, Type I polymer electrolytes have relative...

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“…These include flexible electronics [1][2][3][4], gas separations [5][6][7], polymer electrolytes for batteries, fuel cells and water desalination [8][9][10], and lithographic patterning [11][12][13] just to name a few. It has remained challenging to fully understand the relationships between chemistry and structure, and the growing demand to characterize polymers under in situ or in operando conditions relevant to a specific application and as a function of time creates additional challenges.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combining theory and experiment for X-ray absorption spectroscopy and resonant X-ray scattering characterization of polymers

Cordova

Brady

2016

Polymer

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An improved understanding of fundamental chemistry, electronic structure, morphology, and dynamics in polymers and soft materials requires advanced characterization techniques that are amenable to in situ and in operando studies. Soft X-ray methods are especially useful in their ability to non-destructively provide material or chemical moiety specific information. Analysis of these experiments, which can be very dependent on X-ray energy and polarization, can quickly become complex. Complementary modeling and predictive capabilities are required to properly probe these critical features. Here, we present relevant background on this emerging suite of techniques. We focus on how the combination of theory and experiment has been applied and can be further developed to drive our understanding of how these methods probe relevant chemistry, structure, and dynamics in soft materials.

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Block copolymer electrolytes for rechargeable lithium batteries

Cited by 360 publications

References 148 publications

Design Considerations for Unconventional Electrochemical Energy Storage Architectures

Design Considerations for Unconventional Electrochemical Energy Storage Architectures

Method of Measuring Salt Transference Numbers in Ion-Selective Membranes

Combining theory and experiment for X-ray absorption spectroscopy and resonant X-ray scattering characterization of polymers

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