Block copolymer derived uniform mesopores enable ultrafast electron and ion transport at high mass loadings

Li, Tianyu; Zhou, Zhengping; Guo, Yichen; Guo, Dong

doi:10.1038/s41467-019-08644-w

Cited by 222 publications

(167 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…The capacitance contribution from the fast kinetic process (yellow region) is dominant at all potentials, with a total contribution of 93.3%. This value is much higher than the values reported for other pseudocapacitive materials at the same scan rate, demonstrating the excellent ion accessibility of the SF‐3D GA electrode . In contrast, the SF‐GA only has 75.8% of the capacitance that comes from the fast kinetic process.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…The redox reactions of the oxygen‐containing groups on the graphene aerogel surface are

^{*} C=O + H^{+} + e^{-} \leftrightarrow^{*} C - OH

^{*} COO + H^{+} + e^{-} \leftrightarrow^{*} COOH

^{*} C=O + e^{-} \leftrightarrow^{*} C - O^{-}

By normalizing gravimetric capacitance to Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area, the SF‐3D GA achieved an extremely high intrinsic capacitance of 309.1 µF cm −2 , which is two orders of magnitude larger than that of 3D GA (2.56 µF cm −2 ). This value is also much higher than the state‐of‐the‐art carbon materials (5–50 µF cm −2 ) and is even comparable to some high mass loading pseudocapacitive materials, such as mesoporous carbon fiber/MnO 2 (246.3 µF cm −2 , 6.8 mg cm −2 ) (Figure h; Table S1, Supporting Information). The simultaneous achievement of outstanding total capacitance and intrinsic capacitance is attributed to the high ion accessibility of SF‐3D GA structure enabled by 3D printing.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…The first two charge storage processes are fast kinetic processes, which are not limited by ion diffusion. The ion insertion process is a diffusion‐controlled process . The cyclic voltammograms of the SF‐3D GA were nearly box shaped, reflecting the rapid electron and ion transport in the electrode ( Figure a).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

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3D‐Printed Structure Boosts the Kinetics and Intrinsic Capacitance of Pseudocapacitive Graphene Aerogels

et al. 2020

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The performance of pseudocapacitive electrodes at fast charging rates are typically limited by the slow kinetics of Faradaic reactions and sluggish ion diffusion in the bulk structure. This is particularly problematic for thick electrodes and electrodes highly loaded with active materials. Here, a surface‐functionalized 3D‐printed graphene aerogel (SF‐3D GA) is presented that achieves not only a benchmark areal capacitance of 2195 mF cm−2 at a high current density of 100 mA cm−2 but also an ultrahigh intrinsic capacitance of 309.1 µF cm−2 even at a high mass loading of 12.8 mg cm−2. Importantly, the kinetic analysis reveals that the capacitance of SF‐3D GA electrode is primarily (93.3%) contributed from fast kinetic processes. This is because the 3D‐printed electrode has an open structure that ensures excellent coverage of functional groups on carbon surface and facilitates the ion accessibility of these surface functional groups even at high current densities and large mass loading/electrode thickness. An asymmetric device assembled with SF‐3D GA as anode and 3D‐printed GA decorated with MnO2 as cathode achieves a remarkable energy density of 0.65 mWh cm−2 at an ultrahigh power density of 164.5 mW cm−2, outperforming carbon‐based supercapacitors operated at the same power density.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…The redox reactions of the oxygen‐containing groups on the graphene aerogel surface are

^{*} C=O + H^{+} + e^{-} \leftrightarrow^{*} C - OH

^{*} COO + H^{+} + e^{-} \leftrightarrow^{*} COOH

^{*} C=O + e^{-} \leftrightarrow^{*} C - O^{-}

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 63%

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3D‐Printed Structure Boosts the Kinetics and Intrinsic Capacitance of Pseudocapacitive Graphene Aerogels

et al. 2020

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“…The fiber mat thus can be tuned into highly porous PCFs by direct pyrolysis. The PCFs possess abundant macropores, which enables them to be used as substrates of MnO 2 electrodes 206…”

Section: Direct Pyrolysis Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis Strategies of Porous Carbon for Supercapacitor Applications

et al. 2020

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Supercapacitors (SCs) have experienced a significant increase in research activity and commercialization during the past few decades. As the primary and most important electrode active material for commercial SCs, porous carbon is produced at an industrial‐scale through traditional carbonization‐activation strategies. Nevertheless, commercial porous carbon materials have some disadvantages such as high production cost, corrosion of equipment, and emission of toxic gases and byproduct pollutants during production. In recent years, huge efforts have been made to develop novel synthesis strategies for porous carbon materials. This review focuses on the pore formation mechanisms in traditional carbonization‐activation methods, emerging activation methods, template methods, self‐template methods, and novel emerging methods for the synthesis of porous carbons for SCs. Strategies developed so far for the synthesis of porous carbon materials are summarized. The mechanisms and recent advances for each strategy are reviewed. Furthermore, future directions and synthesis strategies for porous carbons are proposed.

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“…As a result, the Li + diffusion in the pore walls along the cross‐plane direction is very low, and Li + cannot reach the lithium‐storage sites between the stacking graphene sheets, which seriously limits the LIBs performance of GF, particularly at high rate or mass loading level. As a result, the rather low areal capacity or current density of reported 3D graphene electrode rarely exceeds those of today's LIBs (≈3 mAh cm −2 , 4 mA cm −2 ) …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Vacuum‐Dried 3D Holey Graphene Frameworks Enabling High Mass Loading and Fast Charge Transfer for Advanced Batteries

Liang

Sun

et al. 2019

Energy Tech

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Monolithic 3D graphene frameworks (GFs) electrode materials have exhibited the great potential for energy storage devices. However, most approaches for fabricating 3D GF require expensive and sophisticated drying techniques, and the current achieved 3D GF electrodes usually hold a relatively low mass loadings of the active materials with low areal capacity, which is not satisfactory for practical application. Herein, a convenient, economic, and scalable drying approach is developed to fabricate 3D holey GFs (HGFs) by a vacuum‐induced drying (VID) process for the first time. This binder‐free 3D HGF electrode with high mass loading can obtain extraordinary electrochemical performance for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) due to the 3D holey graphene network owning a highly interconnected hierarchical porous structure for fast charge and ion transport. The HGF electrode with high mass loading of 4 mg cm−2 exhibits superior rate performance and delivers an areal capacity as high as 5 mAh cm−2 under the current density of 8 mA cm−2 even after 2000 cycles, considerably outperforming those of state‐of‐the‐art commercial anodes and some representative anodes in other studies. This facile drying approach and robust realization of high areal capacity represent a critical step for 3D graphene‐based electrode materials toward practical electrochemical energy storage devices.

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Block copolymer derived uniform mesopores enable ultrafast electron and ion transport at high mass loadings

Cited by 222 publications

References 60 publications

3D‐Printed Structure Boosts the Kinetics and Intrinsic Capacitance of Pseudocapacitive Graphene Aerogels

3D‐Printed Structure Boosts the Kinetics and Intrinsic Capacitance of Pseudocapacitive Graphene Aerogels

Synthesis Strategies of Porous Carbon for Supercapacitor Applications

Vacuum‐Dried 3D Holey Graphene Frameworks Enabling High Mass Loading and Fast Charge Transfer for Advanced Batteries

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