Bloat in cattle grazing alfalfa cultivars selected for a low initial rate of digestion: A review

Berg, B. P.; Majak, W.; McAllister, Tim A.; Hall, John W.; McCartney, D. H.; Coulman, Bruce; Goplen, B. P.; Acharya, S. N.; Tait, R. M.; Cheng, K.-J.

doi:10.4141/p99-051

Cited by 39 publications

(38 citation statements)

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“…Legumes that contain condensed tannins (CT) such as sainfoin and birdsfoot trefoil ( Lotus corniculatus L.) do not cause bloat in ruminants (Berg et al, 2000). The CT bind to proteins through hydrophobic and hydrogen bonding in a pH‐dependent/reversible manner (Min et al, 2003), reducing the formation of stable foam and the incidence of bloat in ruminants (Li et al, 1996; McMahon et al, 1999).…”

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Alfalfa Pasture Bloat Can Be Eliminated by Intermixing with Newly‐Developed Sainfoin Population

et al. 2014

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Pasture bloat is a major deterrent to the grazing of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) pastures by ruminants, despite the high growth rates that are obtainable. Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.), a condensed tannin-containing legume, is known to reduce alfalfa pasture bloat in mixed stands. Experiments were conducted in 2010 to 2012 at Lethbridge, AB, using two sainfoin/cultivar AC Blue J alfalfa mixed pastures originally seeded as 50:50 mixes in 2008 and rotationally grazed by steers (Bos taurus). New sainfoin population cultivar LRC-3519 specifically selected for improved performance under a multi-cut system, persisted better (29% of total herbage dry matter [DM]) compared to cultivar Nova (5%) after two cycles of rotational grazing in each year. Bloat incidence and severity in steers were reduced (P < 0.001) by 98% in LRC-3519 mixed stands compared to Nova mixtures when Angus steers grazed sainfoin/alfalfa mixed pastures under conditions for maximizing bloat occurrence. In a separate crop preference study during 2011-2012, eight steers were randomly paired and assigned to four alfalfa and sainfoin strip pastures to determine DM utilization and time spent grazing the two forages. Steers spent more time (55%) in alfalfa strips compared to sainfoin and grazed more (P < 0.05) alfalfa (2048 kg DM) than sainfoin (1164 kg DM). In spite of higher preference for alfalfa, a high proportion of new sainfoin in mixed alfalfa stands reduced risk of bloat substantially in cattle grazing mixed alfalfa/sainfoin pasture.

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Alfalfa Pasture Bloat Can Be Eliminated by Intermixing with Newly‐Developed Sainfoin Population

et al. 2014

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“…Low IRD selections were tested in grazing trials at Lethbridge and Kamloops. The resulting new alfalfa cultivar (AC Grazeland) reduced the incidence of bloat by an average of 56% compared with the control cultivar Beaver (Berg et al 2000). As well, these initial studies suggested that the severity of bloat was reduced as indicated by the reduction in multiple distensions of the rumen with AC Grazeland .…”

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Journal of Range Management, Volume 54, Number 4 (July 2001)

2001

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The objectives of this Colorado study were to assess primary reasons ranchers choose to stay or sell the ranch, compare the motivations for ranching between a traditional agriculturally based county and a rapidly developing county, and assess whether factors such as length of tenure, fiscal dependency on ranching, and dependency on public lands play roles in decisions to sell. Personal interviews were conducted with 37 ranchers. While land use conversion occurs for a wide variety of reasons, lack of heirs and detrimental public policy were important reasons given for selling ranches. Responses showed Routt County (a rapidly developing county) ranchers were more likely to sell due to land use conversion related issues than Moffat County ranchers (p = 0.056). Ranchers with a longer legacy on their land reported that profitability, having likely heirs, and continuing tradition enhanced their reasons to stay. Groups more "at risk" of selling were non-homesteading ranchers close to retirement, larger ranches, and ranchers dependent on ranching for income with declining profits. Large ranch owners experiencing land use conflicts with non-ranchers and ranchers modestly dependent on public forage experiencing changes in public policy regulations and land use conflicts also indicated a higher proclivity to sell. Noting how groups of ranchers are impacted by different changes can help refine community efforts related to land use conversion and create more thoughtful policy measures.

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“…A breeding program had selected AC Grazeland for bloat reduction on the basis of low initial rates of digestion in the rumen. Compared with its parental cultivar, Beaver, it reduced bloat by 56% (Berg et al 2000). Further work demonstrated that the bloat reduction observed with AC Grazeland was a result of the selected cultivar having a faster rate of maturity.…”

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Efficacy of Rumensin controlled release capsule for the control of alfalfa bloat in cattle

Hall¹,

Majak²,

McAllister³

et al. 2001

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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Efficacy of Rumensin controlled release capsule for the control of alfalfa bloat in cattle. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 81: 281-283. Rumensin controlled release capsule (CRC) was evaluated in grazing trials and in confinement with fistulated steers fed alfalfa at the vegetative to early bud stage of growth. These stages promoted a high incidence of bloat, both in animal days of bloat and in daily frequency of distension. The bolus reduced the incidence of bloat by an average of 50% in five trials, the difference being statistically significant in four of them. The cultivars AC Grazeland and Alfagraze did not differ significantly in daily bloat incidence when evaluated at early stages of growth. Ionophores are antibiotics that alter membrane permeability to increase ion transport and disrupt microbial cell function. The active ingredient in Rumensin ® CRC is monensin, a polyether monocarboxylic sodium ionophore that is widely used in the diets of beef cattle to improve feed efficiency. Bartley et al. (1983) were the first to report on the efficacy of monensin in the control of legume and grain bloat. When given intraruminally to rumen-fistulated cattle at a rate of approximately 1 mg monensin kg -1 d -1 , alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) bloat was reduced by about two-thirds. These results were confirmed by Katz et al. (1986) using alfalfa pastures and by Branine and Galyean (1990) using winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) pastures.The efficacy of monensin in the control of bloat prompted the development of a CRC that could deliver the ionophore continuously in the rumen. Reductions in bloat were obtained when steer calves grazing ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) and arrowleaf clover (Trifolium vesiculosum Savi) were treated with monensin CRC (Bagley and Feazel 1989). In contrast, results were equivocal when dairy cows grazing alfalfa or red clover (T. pratense L.) were treated with the monensin bolus (Lowe et al. 1991). A response to the treatment occurred in only two of four grazing trials. More recently, surveys of legume pastures where cattle had boluses have confirmed the apparent benefits of Rumensin CRC in the reduction of bloat, but in these studies bloat was not completely prevented (Merrill and Stobbs 1993). The susceptibility of cattle to alfalfa bloat can vary greatly, and the bloat potential of alfalfa can fluctuate daily. Hence, the objective of the present study was to re-examine the efficacy of Rumensin CRC in controlled experiments with crossover designs that were not previously used. As well, the stage of growth of alfalfa was selected to maximize

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Bloat in cattle grazing alfalfa cultivars selected for a low initial rate of digestion: A review

Cited by 39 publications

References 61 publications

Alfalfa Pasture Bloat Can Be Eliminated by Intermixing with Newly‐Developed Sainfoin Population

Alfalfa Pasture Bloat Can Be Eliminated by Intermixing with Newly‐Developed Sainfoin Population

Journal of Range Management, Volume 54, Number 4 (July 2001)

Efficacy of Rumensin controlled release capsule for the control of alfalfa bloat in cattle

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