Blink-related EEG oscillations are neurophysiological indicators of subconcussive head impacts in female soccer players: a preliminary study

Sattari, Sahar; Kenny, Rebecca; Liu, Careesa Chang; Hajra, Sujoy Ghosh; Dumont, Guy A.; Virji‐Babul, Naznin

doi:10.3389/fnhum.2023.1208498

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 48 publications

(78 reference statements)

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“…Time-frequency analysis revealed the presence of a cascade of beta and delta band synchronization, followed by theta and alpha band desynchronization post-blink, consistent with previous reports of the BRO phenomenon [41,[46][47][48]66,67]. Indeed, previous literature has postulated the role of early beta synchronization in the sensory processing of the visual scene presented subsequent to the eyes re-opening, as well as delta synchronization in longrange cortical communication, followed by alpha and theta activity representing higher order cognitive functions by way of episodic memory and information processing [46,47].…”

Section: Presence Of Bro Phenomenonsupporting

confidence: 90%

Blink-Related Oscillations Provide Naturalistic Assessments of Brain Function and Cognitive Workload within Complex Real-World Multitasking Environments

Page,

Liu,

Meltzer

et al. 2024

Sensors

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Background: There is a significant need to monitor human cognitive performance in complex environments, with one example being pilot performance. However, existing assessments largely focus on subjective experiences (e.g., questionnaires) and the evaluation of behavior (e.g., aircraft handling) as surrogates for cognition or utilize brainwave measures which require artificial setups (e.g., simultaneous auditory stimuli) that intrude on the primary tasks. Blink-related oscillations (BROs) are a recently discovered neural phenomenon associated with spontaneous blinking that can be captured without artificial setups and are also modulated by cognitive loading and the external sensory environment—making them ideal for brain function assessment within complex operational settings. Methods: Electroencephalography (EEG) data were recorded from eight adult participants (five F, M = 21.1 years) while they completed the Multi-Attribute Task Battery under three different cognitive loading conditions. BRO responses in time and frequency domains were derived from the EEG data, and comparisons of BRO responses across cognitive loading conditions were undertaken. Simultaneously, assessments of blink behavior were also undertaken. Results: Blink behavior assessments revealed decreasing blink rate with increasing cognitive load (p < 0.001). Prototypical BRO responses were successfully captured in all participants (p < 0.001). BRO responses reflected differences in task-induced cognitive loading in both time and frequency domains (p < 0.05). Additionally, reduced pre-blink theta band desynchronization with increasing cognitive load was also observed (p < 0.05). Conclusion: This study confirms the ability of BRO responses to capture cognitive loading effects as well as preparatory pre-blink cognitive processes in anticipation of the upcoming blink during a complex multitasking situation. These successful results suggest that blink-related neural processing could be a potential avenue for cognitive state evaluation in operational settings—both specialized environments such as cockpits, space exploration, military units, etc. and everyday situations such as driving, athletics, human-machine interactions, etc.—where human cognition needs to be seamlessly monitored and optimized.

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Section: Presence Of Bro Phenomenonsupporting

confidence: 90%

Blink-Related Oscillations Provide Naturalistic Assessments of Brain Function and Cognitive Workload within Complex Real-World Multitasking Environments

Page,

Liu,

Meltzer

et al. 2024

Sensors

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Heading in football: a systematic review of descriptors, definitions, and reporting methods used in heading incidence studies

Peek,

Ross,

Andersen

et al. 2024

Science and Medicine in Football

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Blink-induced changes in pupil dynamics are consistent and heritable

Demiral,

Volkow

2024

Preprint

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Pupil size and blink rates are heritable but the extent to which they interact with one another has not been properly investigated. Though changes in pupil size due to eye blinks have been reported, they are considered a pupillary artifact. In this study we used the HCP 7T fMRI dataset with resting state eye-tracking data obtained in monozygous and dizygous twins to assess their heritability and their interactions. For this purpose, we characterized the pupil dilation (positive peak) and constriction (negative peak) that followed blink events, which we describe as blink-induced pupillary response (BIPR). We show that the BIPR is highly consistent with a positive dilatory peak (D-peak) around 500ms and a negative constricting peak (C-peak) around 1s. These patterns were reproducible within- and between-subjects across two time points and differed by vigilance state (vigilant versus drowsy). By comparing BIPR between monozygous and dizygous twins we show that BIPR have a heritable component with significant additive genetic (A) and environmental (E) factors dominating the structural equation models, particularly in the time-domain for both D- and C-peaks and amplitude domain for the C-peak. (a2 between 42–49%). Blink duration, pupil size and blink rate were also found to be highly heritable (a2 up to 62% for pupil size). Our study documents an association between BIPR and wakefulness and indicates that BIPR should not be treated as a coincidental artefact, but part of a larger oculomotor system that we label here as Oculomotor Adaptive System, OAS, that is genetically determined.

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Blink-related EEG oscillations are neurophysiological indicators of subconcussive head impacts in female soccer players: a preliminary study

Cited by 3 publications

References 48 publications

Blink-Related Oscillations Provide Naturalistic Assessments of Brain Function and Cognitive Workload within Complex Real-World Multitasking Environments

Blink-Related Oscillations Provide Naturalistic Assessments of Brain Function and Cognitive Workload within Complex Real-World Multitasking Environments

Heading in football: a systematic review of descriptors, definitions, and reporting methods used in heading incidence studies

Blink-induced changes in pupil dynamics are consistent and heritable

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