Blink and saccade detection from forehead EEG

Farago, Emma; Law, Andrew; Hajra, Sujoy Ghosh; Chan, Alvin C.

doi:10.1109/i2mtc48687.2022.9806494

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Blink rate decreased with increasing cognitive load, confirming the successful elicitation of differential cognitive loads by the MATB. These results are in line with previous work that utilized the same dataset and reported a similar pattern of decrease in blink rate [ 68 ]. Similar decreases in blink rates have previously been reported across a variety of tasks that modulate cognitive load [ 69 , 70 , 71 ], especially when using digital screens [ 72 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Blink-Related Oscillations Provide Naturalistic Assessments of Brain Function and Cognitive Workload within Complex Real-World Multitasking Environments

Page,

Liu,

Meltzer

et al. 2024

Sensors

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Background: There is a significant need to monitor human cognitive performance in complex environments, with one example being pilot performance. However, existing assessments largely focus on subjective experiences (e.g., questionnaires) and the evaluation of behavior (e.g., aircraft handling) as surrogates for cognition or utilize brainwave measures which require artificial setups (e.g., simultaneous auditory stimuli) that intrude on the primary tasks. Blink-related oscillations (BROs) are a recently discovered neural phenomenon associated with spontaneous blinking that can be captured without artificial setups and are also modulated by cognitive loading and the external sensory environment—making them ideal for brain function assessment within complex operational settings. Methods: Electroencephalography (EEG) data were recorded from eight adult participants (five F, M = 21.1 years) while they completed the Multi-Attribute Task Battery under three different cognitive loading conditions. BRO responses in time and frequency domains were derived from the EEG data, and comparisons of BRO responses across cognitive loading conditions were undertaken. Simultaneously, assessments of blink behavior were also undertaken. Results: Blink behavior assessments revealed decreasing blink rate with increasing cognitive load (p < 0.001). Prototypical BRO responses were successfully captured in all participants (p < 0.001). BRO responses reflected differences in task-induced cognitive loading in both time and frequency domains (p < 0.05). Additionally, reduced pre-blink theta band desynchronization with increasing cognitive load was also observed (p < 0.05). Conclusion: This study confirms the ability of BRO responses to capture cognitive loading effects as well as preparatory pre-blink cognitive processes in anticipation of the upcoming blink during a complex multitasking situation. These successful results suggest that blink-related neural processing could be a potential avenue for cognitive state evaluation in operational settings—both specialized environments such as cockpits, space exploration, military units, etc. and everyday situations such as driving, athletics, human-machine interactions, etc.—where human cognition needs to be seamlessly monitored and optimized.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Blink-Related Oscillations Provide Naturalistic Assessments of Brain Function and Cognitive Workload within Complex Real-World Multitasking Environments

Page,

Liu,

Meltzer

et al. 2024

Sensors

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“…Spontaneous blinking and blink-related EEG analysis to extract BRPs. Blink-related potentials (BRPs) can be analyzed as classical event-related potentials (ERPs) by time-locking the EEG traces on the moment in which a complete eyelid closure (T0) occurs, and which corresponds to the apex of the greatest deflection on the electrooculogram (EOG) or the corresponding frontopolar EEG-derived signal (see for example 50 ). However, the blink is not an instantaneous event, but lasts, depending on the studies, between 200 and 400 ms 12 .…”

Section: Spontaneous Blinking and Ecological Cognitive Activities The...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuronal correlates of eyeblinks are an expression of primary consciousness phenomena

Callara

Greco

Scilingo

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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The blinking rate far exceeds that required for moistening the cornea and changes depending on whether a person is resting or engaged in cognitive tasks. During ecological cognitive tasks (such as speaking, reading, and watching videos), blinks occur at breakpoints of attention suggesting a role in information segmentation, but the close relationship between cognition dynamics and blink timing still escapes a full understanding. The aim of the present study is to seek (1) if there is a temporal relationship between blink events and the consecutive steps of cognitive processing, and (2) if blink timing and the intensity of blink-related EEG responses are affected by task-relevance of stimuli. Our results show that, in a classical visual oddball task, (i) the occurrence of blinks is influenced by stimuli, irrespective of their relevance, (ii) blinks following relevant stimuli are only apparently delayed due to the need of finalizing a behavioural response, and (iii) stimulus relevance does not affect the intensity of the blink-related EEG response. This evidence reinforce the idea that blinks are not emitted until the last step of the processing sequence has been completed and suggests that blink-related EEG responses are generated by primary consciousness phenomena which are considered by their nature non-modulable (all-or-nothing) phenomena.

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Blink and saccade detection from forehead EEG

Cited by 2 publications

References 22 publications

Blink-Related Oscillations Provide Naturalistic Assessments of Brain Function and Cognitive Workload within Complex Real-World Multitasking Environments

Blink-Related Oscillations Provide Naturalistic Assessments of Brain Function and Cognitive Workload within Complex Real-World Multitasking Environments

Neuronal correlates of eyeblinks are an expression of primary consciousness phenomena

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