Blindness associated with nasal/paranasal lymphoma in a stallion

Sano, Yuto; Okamoto, Minoru; Ootsuka, Youhei; Matsuda, Kazuo; Yusa, Shigeki; Taniyama, Hiroyuki

doi:10.1292/jvms.16-0537

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Lymphoma cases (case 4) are not predisposed to age, race or gender [1,14,24]. It is the most common neoplasm of the hematopoietic system of horses, originating from peripheral lymphoid tissues, with a malignant and aggressive characteristic [14,22,23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and Complementary Diagnosis of Sinus Neoplasia in Horses

Akutagawa

Strefezzi

Belli

et al. 2021

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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Background: Sinus neoplasms are reported as low frequency in horses. Its clinical characteristics are often nonspecific, depend on complementary methods for diagnosis, and when diagnosed, generally they are already advanced, limiting therapeutic possibilities. The objective of this case series was to detail clinical aspects and complementary exams for sinus neoplasms for early diagnosis, comparing them with the literature.Cases: Four horses were treated at the College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science of the University of São Paulo, with different clinical signs and previous diagnoses, which when evaluated by respiratory endoscopy, radiography, oral cavity evaluation and histopathological exams, revealed the diagnosis of anaplastic carcinoma, poorly differentiated carcinoma, ossifying fibroma and lymphoma. Previous diagnosis, based mainly on clinical signs, were sinusitis secondary to apical infection, ethmoidal hematoma, sinus cyst and sinusitis secondary to periapical disease. The cases of anaplastic carcinoma (case 1) and lymphoma (case 4) presented with an advanced degree of the disease with involvement and destruction of paranasal structures and adjacent tissues, in addition to a poor general condition, which made surgical treatment impossible and led to euthanasia. In these cases, previous treatment was made to apical infection and periodontal disease with secondary sinusitis, but negative evolution led to suspicion of neoplasia, confirmed by histopathological exam of incisional biopsy of the mass in oral cavity. Benign ossifying fibroma (case 3) presented with progressive respiratory difficulty due to occlusion of the lumen of some nasal meatus and radiographic signs of invasion and deformation of the adjacent bones, it was submitted for surgical excision and there was no recurrence until hospital discharge. The poorly differentiated carcinoma (case 2) was a multilobulate neoformation in the ethmoidal region, similar to ethmoid hematoma in endoscopic and radiographic evaluation, it was submitted for excision and two sessions of electrochemotherapy with bleomycin, associated with administration of piroxicam, which obtained a good result until the period of 1 year after discharge.Discussion: It was found that many characteristics are common with these types of neoplasms, and the clinical signs, such as nasal secretions, airway obstruction, increased facial volume, severe alterations in oral cavity, although unspecific, suggest the differential diagnosis for neoplasms. It is important to differentiate from other diseases noting the evolution and growth of these tumors, like in cases 1 and 4, especially the growth to internal tissues, using complementary methods described here, like endoscopic and radiographic examination. Late identification or even manipulation of neoplasms, without proper diagnosis, leads to a few prognoses regarding life. When it is possible to perform surgical excision, complementary methods are important to guide the procedure, and definitive diagnosis is made through histopathologic exam and some need immunohistochemistry analysis. Cases 2 and 3 had surgical access, were submitted to excision and treatment with good results, both with close monitoring in first months and prolonged quality of life. These results highlight the importance of complementary methods for early diagnosis, correct intervention and monitoring of evolution.Keywords: sinus neoplasia, paranasal sinus, tumor, head, horses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and Complementary Diagnosis of Sinus Neoplasia in Horses

Akutagawa

Strefezzi

Belli

et al. 2021

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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“…Differential diagnoses of blindness in equine should be considered, such as compressive masses caused by lymphosarcoma [11,20] or other neoplasms [3], cholesterol granulomas [25], rabies [14], leukoencephalomalacia [4,19], trypanosomiasis by Trypanosoma evansi infection [17,18], equine herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy type 1 [14], equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM), Eastern, Western, and Venezuelan equine encephalitis [2], West Nile virus infection [22], infestation of Halicephalobus gingivalis [1], brain abscess [15], lesions due to ingestion of mycotoxin-contaminated foods [19], medication [24] or trauma [16]. The absence of inflammatory lesions in the optic nerve and the brain areas of the visual pathway of the equine presented in this report was an important morphological finding to rule out the other causes of blindness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Central Blindness Associated with a Pituitary Adenoma in a Mare

Daoualibi

Rocha

Brito

et al. 2020

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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Background: Pituitary pars intermedia (PI) adenoma is a benign adenohypophysis neoplasm, rare in Brazil, which may compress adjacent structures and lead to dysfunctions of the endocrine organs. The most affected species are equines, particularly aged animals. This neoplastic disease is often associated with Cushing's syndrome, when the pituitary-adrenocortical axis is affected. However, this neoplasm is seldom associated with clinical blindness. This paper describes a case of pituitary pars intermedia (PI) adenoma which caused blindness in a mare.Case: An emaciated, blind mare that had difficulty finding water and food was referred to “Hospital Veterinário de Grandes Animais” of “Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro”, in Seropédica, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and later to the “Setor de Anatomia Patológica” (SAP/UFRRJ) for necropsy. During necropsy it was found that the animal’s pituitary gland consisted of a circumscribed globous mass measuring 3.5x2.5x2.5 cm, symmetrical and well delimited at the sella turcica. Several organs were collected, fixed in 10% formalin and then processed for histological examination. The brain was subjected to serial cleavage along the path of the vision organs. All collected tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin; the pituitary was stained with Schiff Periodic Acid (PAS) to differentiate neoplastic cells and with Luxol Fast Blue to evidence demyelination. Histopathology found that the pars intermedia (PI) was thickened and compressed the neurohypophysis and adenohypophysis. Cells were arranged in a disorganized manner or formed follicles or cysts containing eosinophilic material (colloid), with granules strongly positive after staining with PAS. Proliferated cells were large, polyhedral to ovoid, and contained clear basophilic granular material. The nuclei were spherical to ovoid and there were light anisocytosis and anisocariasis. Cysts were frequently found in the pars intermedia (PI) and occasionally in the pars distalis. Mitoses were rare, less than one per field of greatest increase. In some areas of the pars intermedia (PI), cells were arranged in a solid manner forming spherical sub-nodules. An orange yellow pigment was observed in the pericary (lipofuscinosis) in various neurons of several areas of the central nervous system and of the trigeminal ganglion. In the optic tract, there were areas with moderate demyelination, evidenced by Luxol Fast Blue staining, and macrophages characterizing the so-called digestion chambers. In the right and left lateral geniculate nuclei a focal area of neurons with pyknotic and peripheral nuclei, marginal Nissl substance (central chromatolysis) and atypical and reactive astrocytes was observed, with increased volume, evident cytoplasm and nuclei with marginated chromatin which was sometimes reniform.Discussion: This paper presents the pathological findings obtained from a mare with central blindness due to pituitary pars intermedia adenoma. The analysis of the structures affected and correlation of alterations with the respective clinical signs are compared with alterations in other areas of the pituitary which generate clinical signals not observed in this mare, but which occur more often in equines with tumors in that organ. Thus, central and bilateral blindness was associated with compression of the optical tracts by the neoplastic mass and consequent death of neurons of the lateral geniculate nucleus. Pituitary PI adenoma should be considered as a differential diagnosis for blindness.

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“…), neoplasia such as lymphoma (Roth and Siatkowski ; Sano et al . ), toxin or drug ingestion (Cymbaluk et al . ; Uhlinger ; Ross et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ossifying fibroma as a cause of blindness in a 5‐year‐old Quarter Horse gelding

Madrigal

Friedemann

Vallone

et al. 2018

Equine Veterinary Education

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Summary A 5‐year‐old Quarter Horse gelding presented to Texas A&M University Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital with a several week history of bilateral blindness. Neurological deficits included an absent menace response and severe atrophy of the optic nerve head in the left eye (OS) as well as decreased vision in the right eye (OD). Advanced imaging consisting of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) confirmed a large mass in the base of the skull invading the sinuses and asymmetrically compressing the optic nerves rostral to the optic chiasm. Due to the size and location of the mass as well as severity of associated neurological signs, humane euthanasia was elected. Necropsy examination identified a large mass effacing the sphenopalatine sinuses and compressing the optic nerves. Histologically, the mass was identified as an ossifying fibroma (OF) and degeneration of the optic nerves was confirmed. As an OF in this location has never been described in a horse, this case demonstrates a new differential for blindness in horses.

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Blindness associated with nasal/paranasal lymphoma in a stallion

Cited by 8 publications

References 14 publications

Clinical and Complementary Diagnosis of Sinus Neoplasia in Horses

Clinical and Complementary Diagnosis of Sinus Neoplasia in Horses

Central Blindness Associated with a Pituitary Adenoma in a Mare

Ossifying fibroma as a cause of blindness in a 5‐year‐old Quarter Horse gelding

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