Blind Visualization of Task-Related Networks From Visual Oddball Simultaneous EEG-fMRI Data: Spectral or Spatiospectral Model?

Abstract

Various disease conditions can alter EEG event-related responses and fMRI-BOLD signals. We hypothesized that event-related responses and their clinical alterations are imprinted in the EEG spectral domain as event-related (spatio)spectral patterns (ERSPat). We tested four EEG-fMRI fusion models utilizing EEG power spectra fluctuations (i.e., absolute spectral model - ASM; relative spectral model - RSM; absolute spatiospectral model - ASSM; and relative spatiospectral model - RSSM) for fully automated and blind visualization of task-related neural networks. Two (spatio)spectral patterns (high δ4 band and low β1 band) demonstrated significant negative linear relationship (pFWE < 0.05) to the frequent stimulus and three patterns (two low δ2 and δ3 bands, and narrow θ1 band) demonstrated significant positive relationship (p < 0.05) to the target stimulus. These patterns were identified as ERSPats. EEG-fMRI F-map of each δ4 model showed strong engagement of insula, cuneus, precuneus, basal ganglia, sensory-motor, motor and dorsal part of fronto-parietal control (FPCN) networks with fast HRF peak and noticeable trough. ASM and RSSM emphasized spatial statistics, and the relative power amplified the relationship to the frequent stimulus. For the δ4 model, we detected a reduced HRF peak amplitude and a magnified HRF trough amplitude in the frontal part of the FPCN, default mode network (DMN) and in the frontal white matter. The frequent-related β1 patterns visualized less significant and distinct suprathreshold spatial associations. Each θ1 model showed strong involvement of lateralized left-sided sensory-motor and motor networks with simultaneous basal ganglia co-activations and reduced HRF peak and amplified HRF trough in the frontal part of the FPCN and DMN. The ASM θ1 model preserved target-related EEG-fMRI associations in the dorsal part of the FPCN. For δ4, β1, and θ1 bands, all models provided high local F-statistics in expected regions. The most robust EEG-fMRI associations were observed for ASM and RSSM.

Neuronal dynamics of the default mode network and anterior insular cortex: Intrinsic properties and modulation by salient stimuli

“…Therefore, it is crucial to validate putative rodent DMN nodes in a behaviorally relevant context ( 9 , 24 ). To this end, we recorded neuronal GCaMP signals from the AI, PrL, Cg, and RSC (vide supra) of awake, freely moving rats during an auditory oddball paradigm—a paradigm that has been shown to consistently activate the AI and deactivate the DMN in human fMRI studies ( 9 , 61 , 62 ). Specifically, rats were presented with standard and deviant (i.e., oddball) tones with occurrence rates of 97 and 3%, respectively ( Fig.…”

“…Last, we examined the functional organization of the DMN under an awake, freely moving condition in response to salient, auditory oddball stimuli-a paradigm that has been shown to consistently activate the AI and deactivate the DMN in human fMRI studies (9,(61)(62)(63). We hypothesized that salient oddball stimuli would activate the AI and suppress RSC, Cg, and PrL neuronal activity, thereby providing behavioral validation of the putative rodent SN and DMN nodes.…”

Neuronal dynamics of the default mode network and anterior insular cortex: Intrinsic properties and modulation by salient stimuli

“…Therefore, it is crucial to validate putative rodent DMN nodes in a behaviorally relevant context (Menon and Uddin, 2010; Sridharan et al, 2008). To this end, we recorded neuronal GCaMP signals from the AI, PrL, Cg, and RSC ( vide supra ) of awake, freely moving rats during an auditory oddball paradigm – a paradigm that has been shown to consistently activate the AI and deactivate the DMN in human fMRI studies (Czisch et al, 2012; Labounek et al, 2021; Sridharan et al, 2008). Specifically, rats were presented with standard and deviant (i.e., oddball) tones with occurrence rates of 97% and 3%, respectively ( Figure 5A ).…”

“…Finally, we examined the functional organization of the DMN under an awake, freely-moving, condition in response to salient, auditory oddball stimuli – a paradigm that has been shown to consistently activate the AI and deactivate the DMN in human fMRI studies (Crottaz-Herbette and Menon, 2006; Czisch et al, 2012; Labounek et al, 2021; Sridharan et al, 2008). We hypothesized that oddball stimuli would activate the AI and suppress RSC, Cg, and PrL neuronal activity, thereby providing behavioral validation of the putative rodent SN and DMN nodes.…”