Blind MPEG-2 video watermarking in DCT domain robust against scaling

A Survey on Robust Video Watermarking Algorithms for Copyright Protection

“…It is a compression scheme for standard digital television and high-definition TV under various applications, and its coding rate ranges from 3 Mbit/s to 100 Mbit/s [70]. To reduce the computational complexity, many video watermarking algorithms in the compressed domain only need partial decoding in watermark embedding process [71][72][73]. To resist scaling attacks, Wang and Pearmain [71] proposed a MPEG-2 video watermarking algorithm based on shadow-frame generation in the compressed domain combined with DCT transform.…”

A Robust and Secure Block-SVD based Embedding of Encrypted Watermark in Digital Images using RDWT

“…Kang et al [1] used discrete Fourier transforms.it is more robust, but lack of imperceptible. Wang et al [8] Using discrete Cosine transforms for transforming the block of pixel and improve the robustness. Navas et al [7] Present a block based scheme using discrete wavelet transform and improve the imperceptibility as well as robustness.…”

“…Spatial domain techniques advantages are simple to implement, low complexity and the capacity of data hiding is very high and disadvantage is less robust against various attacks [5].The transform domain techniques Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT), Singular Value decomposition (SVD), Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) etc. are highly robust and imperceptible as compared to spatial domain techniques [6,8,12].The process of digital image scrambling by changing the pixel position of meaningful image through matrix transform in to meaningless disorder image is called image scrambling. There are several techniques for scrambling the image such as based on permutation substitution are enhanced blowfish algorithm, chaotic standard map and image encryption based algorithms are chaos random sequence, AES encryption algorithm [17,18], hash algorithm and block cipher.…”

“…For tradeoff between imperceptibility and robustness we take scaling factor 0.02 for LL band and 0.002 for other band. RDWT has spatio-frequecy localization property and shift invariant and also overcome the DWT problem [10,11,12].Some researcher use block SVD-based watermarking techniques [6,7,8,9,12] for improving the robustness and imperceptibility also reduce the computational complexity.…”

Information hiding algorithm for H.264 based on the motion estimation of quarter-pixel

“…Video, as an important information carrier, is often considered to be an important object for information hiding. The existing schemes of information hiding based on MPEG1 and MPEG2 embed hidden information mainly through adjusting the I-frame's DCT coefficients [3][4] . However, the technology of intra prediction in the I-frame is used in H.264/AVC, which makes extremely small the residual coefficients after the transformation of DCT and quantization.…”