Blending of Low-Density Polyethylene and Poly(Butylene Succinate) (LDPE/PBS) with Polyethylene–Graft–Maleic Anhydride (PE–g–MA) as a Compatibilizer on the Phase Morphology, Mechanical and Thermal Properties

Abstract

It is of significant concern that the buildup of non-biodegradable plastic waste in the environment may result in long-term issues with the environment, the economy and waste management. In this study, low-density polyethylene (LDPE) was compounded with different contents of poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) at 10–50 wt.%, to evaluate the potential of replacing commercial plastics with a biodegradable renewable polymer, PBS for packaging applications. The morphological, mechanical and thermal properties of the LDPE/PBS blends were examined in relation to the effect of polyethylene–graft–maleic anhydride (PE–g–MA) as a compatibilizer. LDPE/PBS/PE–g–MA blends were fabricated via the melt blending method using an internal mixer and then were compression molded into test samples. The presence of LDPE, PBS and PE–g–MA individually in the matrix for each blend presented physical interaction between the constituents, as shown by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The morphology of LDPE/PBS/PE–g–MA blends showed improved compatibility and homogeneity between the LDPE matrix and PBS phase. Compatibilized LDPE/PBS blends showed an improvement in the tensile strength, with 5 phr of compatibilizer providing the optimal content. The thermal stability of LDPE/PBS blends decreased with higher PBS content and the thermal stability of compatibilized blends was higher in contrast to the uncompatibilized blends. Therefore, our research demonstrated that the partial substitution of LDPE with a biodegradable PBS and the incorporation of the PE–g–MA compatibilizer could develop an innovative blend with improved structural, mechanical and thermal properties.

Utilization of Ananas comosus Crown Residue Husk as a Sustainable Strength Additive for EPR/LDPE Blend Composites

“…These natural fibers are nontoxic, biodegradable, readily available, and light in weight. , As a result, they are widely used to create polymer composites that are reinforced with fiber. Natural fibers like jute, cotton, hemp, sisal, date palm leaf coir, flax, sawdust, and rice husk are frequently used in polymer composites. ,− Natural fibers are a great alternative to synthetic reinforcements because of their widespread availability and flexibility in improving their qualities via surface treatments. − These composites are used in the construction and automotive industries. ,,, Several studies reported using a variety of thermoplastic polymers for reinforcing natural fiber using polypropylene, santoprene, low-density polyethylene (LDPE), HDPE, and polyvinyl chloride. ,,, …”

“…1,3,6,19 Several studies reported using a variety of thermoplastic polymers for reinforcing natural fiber using polypropylene, santoprene, low-density polyethylene (LDPE), HDPE, and polyvinyl chloride. 1,2,20,21 Automotive manufacturers are increasing demand for natural polymer composites that can minimize pollution while still being lighter and more fuel efficient. 3−5 Natural fibers are more shatter resistant than glass fiber composites, have enhanced energy management capabilities, and have higher sound absorption efficiency.…”

“… 1 , 3 , 6 , 19 Several studies reported using a variety of thermoplastic polymers for reinforcing natural fiber using polypropylene, santoprene, low-density polyethylene (LDPE), HDPE, and polyvinyl chloride. 1 , 2 , 20 , 21 …”

Antimicrobial Packaging for Plum Tomatoes Based on ZnO Modified Low-Density Polyethylene

“…These agglomerates are characterized by: distinct phase morphologies, coalescence, and poor mechanical properties. Two strategies emerged to ensure compatibility: ZnO surface modification with non-polar substances like oleic acid [ 33 ] or adding a compatibilizer to the LDPE, like low-density polyethylene grafted with maleic anhydride (LDPE-g-MA) [ 34 , 35 , 36 ]. The compatibilizer will reduce the interfacial tension and improve the adhesion between the composites’ phases.…”

Characterization of Thermo-Mechanical and Chemical Properties of Polypropylene/Hemp Fiber Biocomposites: Impact of Maleic Anhydride Compatibilizer and Fiber Content

“…To solve the interfacial adhesion problem in composites, it is common to perform treatments on natural fibers in order to modify their surfaces and improve compatibility with the polymer matrix. Among the various methods used, compatibilization stands out, with maleic anhydride compatibilization being widely employed in this context [25,26]. Maleic anhydride acts as a coupling agent, reacting with the hydroxyl groups present in natural fibers and forming chemical bonds with the polymer of the matrix [27].…”