Blenderized Formula by Gastrostomy Tube

Johnson, Teresa W.; Spurlock, Amy; Galloway, P J

doi:10.1097/tin.0b013e31827dfa79

Cited by 19 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…On the advice of a friend, the boy's mother tried putting small amounts of puree and fruit juices down his tube. Subsequently, he exhibited no signs of gastrointestinal discomfort and his growth improved (5) .…”

Section: Medical/well-beingmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…A discussion report suggested that complications and risks might occur as a result of discovering previously unknown food allergies or gastrointestinal challenges, and also as a result of parent error in food preparation, such as that providing insufficient energy or fluids (38) . Numerous studies describe the benefits of blended diet, including an increased tolerance of feeds, reduction of constipation and retching, and decreased oral feeding aversion (5,6,27,(39)(40)(41)(42) . One such study suggested that the viscosity of a blended diet may reduce the rate of gastric emptying and that gastrointestinal motility may be positively influenced by the blended diet (6) .…”

Section: Medical/well-beingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, some patient groups and clinicians have begun to question the practice of using formula feeds in terms of impact on the patient's digestive system, and also their health and well-being, as well as from a psychosocial perspective (4)(5)(6)(7) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Blended diets for gastrostomy fed children and young people: a scoping review

Breaks

Smith

Bloch

et al. 2018

J Human Nutrition Diet

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Section: Medical/well-beingmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Medical/well-beingmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Blended diets for gastrostomy fed children and young people: a scoping review

Breaks

Smith

Bloch

et al. 2018

J Human Nutrition Diet

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“…11,12 They can also reduce gagging and retching, improve intestinal function, increase dietary diversity, reduce oral aversion and chronic diarrhea, and decrease costs. [15][16][17][18] The nature of enteral nutrition formulas, whether BTFs or commercial ones, in terms of pH, nutrients, water activity, etc has made them an appropriate environment for the growth and activity of microorganisms. So, if these foodstuffs are contaminated, they can put patients at risk of infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Designing blenderized tube feeding diets for children and investigating their physicochemical and microbial properties and Dietary Inflammatory Index

Bahramian

Sarabi-Jamab²,

Talebi

et al. 2022

Nut in Clin Prac

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Background Due to the benefits of blenderized tube feeding (BTF) diets, the interest in using them is increasing. This study aimed to design BTFs for children and investigate their physicochemical and microbial properties, as well as Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII). Methods Five BTF diets were formulated mainly with fresh foods; their DII, physical (viscosity), and chemical (moisture, ash, protein, fat, energy, and micronutrients) characteristics were assessed. Also, the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) system was implemented for quality assurance of preparation, storage, and delivery of BTFs to patients in hospital. The microbial contamination (total count, Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes, coliforms, Staphylococcus aureus coagulase positive, mold, and yeast) was analyzed. Results Energy and percentages of protein, fat, and carbohydrate in BTFs were in the range of 103–112 kcal/100 ml, 16%–22%, 28%–34%, and 48%–52%, respectively. The viscosity of the five developed BTFs was between 29 and 64 centipoises, which allows the formulas to flow without syringe pressure. The DII of all BTFs was between −0.73 and −2.24. Due to the implementation of HACCP, monitoring the production line of BTFs, and performance of corrective measures, no microbial contamination was observed by indicator pathogenic microorganisms. Conclusion A planned BTF diet can be an excellent selection for children using enteral nutrition with tube feeding especially when they are made from fresh and anti‐inflammatory foods such as recipes prepared in this study.

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“…25 This was suggested in a pivotal retrospective study by Pentiuk et al 26 where reduced gagging and retching was observed in children enterally tube-fed with BD post-Nissen fundoplication (surgery to treat gastro-oesophageal reflux disease [GORD]) and in later case reports. 27,28 Initial evidence suggests a promising role for BD in improving GIS. However, the evidence base is largely composed of observational and anecdotal literature, which is vulnerable to bias and confounding.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review examining the impact of blended diets on the gastrointestinal symptoms of people who are enterally fed

Peers

Boocock

Burn

2022

J Human Nutrition Diet

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Background: Adults and children who are enterally tube-fed can experience adverse gastrointestinal symptoms (GIS). Observational data suggests that blended diets (BD) could mitigate such symptoms, with potential to improve quality of life and clinical outcomes. We present a novel systematic review examining the impact of BD, compared to commercial feeds, on GIS of adults and children who are tube-fed. Methods: The protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021261147). Four electronic databases were searched from inception to August 2021. Search terms included 'tube-fed', 'blended diet' and 'formula'. Inclusion criteria were intervention studies comparing blended and commercial feeds using quantitative measures of GIS. Heterogeneity of outcome measures precluded meta-analysis; therefore, a narrative synthesis was conducted. Results: Six papers (n = 219), including two randomised control trials (RCT) and four single arm pre-post studies, were identified. Equal numbers studied in-and out-patients, adults and children. Risk of bias was notable for all studies. Equivocal and insufficient evidence prevented consensus on outcomes of vomiting, gagging, oral intake, bloating and constipation. However, one RCT and two single arm pre-post studies suggest that diarrhoea symptoms may be improved on BD. Conclusions: Diarrhoea is prevalent in tube-fed populations and associated with adverse outcomes. Improvements in diarrhoea symptoms attributed to BD may be clinically important. Our findings are congruous with the wider observational evidence base, and support recommendations of the British Dietetic Association. BD may pose a viable alternative to commercial formula, and may mitigate symptoms of diarrhoea for adults and children who are tube-fed.

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Blenderized Formula by Gastrostomy Tube

Cited by 19 publications

References 13 publications

Blended diets for gastrostomy fed children and young people: a scoping review

Blended diets for gastrostomy fed children and young people: a scoping review

Designing blenderized tube feeding diets for children and investigating their physicochemical and microbial properties and Dietary Inflammatory Index

A systematic review examining the impact of blended diets on the gastrointestinal symptoms of people who are enterally fed

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