Blended polybenzimidazole and melamine-co-formaldehyde thermosets

Klaehn, John R.; Orme, Christopher J.; Peterson, Eric S.

doi:10.1016/j.memsci.2016.05.016

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…As a result, these acids tend to solubilize PBI as gels or absorb to the structure as dopants which are useful in constructing PBI membrane for hydrogen fuel cells and other similar devices where water is intimately integrated into the matrix and important for proton transport. [ 49 ] It is postulated that the concentrated acids penetrate into the PBI matrix and break up crystal packing or ordering, which gives a pliable polymer matrix that aids membrane formation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Layer Deposition of Thermally Stable Polybenzimidazole‐Like Thin Films and Nanostructures

Ghafourisaleh

Hatanpää

Vihervaara

et al. 2022

Adv Materials Inter

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aliphatic or aromatic derivatives as monomers for optimizing application specific properties for bioactive materials and fuel cell membranes, for example. [17,18] In recent years, with the developments of using insulating polymer materials in electronic devices, needs for high-thermalresistance polymer dielectrics have been increasingly emphasized in order to ensure high reliability of devices operating at high temperatures. [19] While conventional polyethylene and polypropylene possess intrinsically excellent insulating properties, [20] they are facing great challenges in advanced electrical devices due to their limited service temperatures below 105 °C and increased leakage currents at elevated temperatures. [2,20,21] Another prevalent area for PBI lies in membrane applications such as H 2 separation membranes, fuel cells, and redox battery membranes. High intrinsic H 2 selectivity over larger gas molecules, such as CO 2 , N 2 , and CH 4 , was demonstrated with PBI film membranes prepared using flat and hollow polyamide P84 fibers as a support material. [8] PBI has gained great interest also as a membrane material in vanadium redox flow batteries where ion-selectivity for vanadium was obtained with a thin layer of PBI polymer. [22] Polybenzimidazoles and their more complex derivatives are often classified as expensive specialty plastics due to their outstanding properties but also difficulties in manufacturing. PBI plastics are known as the thermally most stable thermoplastics with a glass transition temperature (T g ) higher than 400 °C. [11] In a previous study by Iqbal et al. [19] PBI exhibited excellent thermal stability up to a temperature of 500 °C with a total weight loss of only 15%. The stability of PBI polymers drives from the high number of aromatic rings incorporated in the polymer chain. Aromatic rings are efficiently absorbing both thermal and radiation energy and aid in redistributing the excitation energy throughout the material. [18,19] Conventional PBI polymers are usually prepared via hightemperature polycondensation reactions in either solution or melt to achieve high degree of cyclization. [23][24][25] PBIs are typically synthesized from aromatic tetraamines (bis-o-diamines) and dicarboxylates (acids, esters, or amides) [26] (Scheme 2).PBI thin films are scarcely reported. Previous depositions were carried out either by a casting solution method from formic acid and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) solutions or dip-coating and blade-casting methods. [23] The deposition of polybenzimidazole (PBI)-like thin films by molecular layer deposition is reported here for the first time using isophthalic acid (IPA) and 3,3′-diaminobenzidine (DAB) as monomers and trimethylaluminum (TMA) as a linker precursor. Two precursor pulsing sequences are tested, the ABCB (TMA + IPA + DAB + IPA) and ABC (TMA + IPA + DAB) type MLD processes result in different types of PBI-like films. With the ABCB sequence thin film growth per cycle (GPC) of 6.0 Å is obtained at 225-280 °C, whereas GPC of 7.0 Å is obtained with the ABC s...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Layer Deposition of Thermally Stable Polybenzimidazole‐Like Thin Films and Nanostructures

Ghafourisaleh

Hatanpää

Vihervaara

et al. 2022

Adv Materials Inter

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“…It would be also interesting to compare the H 2 separation performance of PBI and PBI MMMs with literature. To explore the change of gas permeation through PBI membranes with various types of modification, the experimental results reported by others 7,12,25,30,35‐42 were collected and organized in Robeson plot as illustrated in Figure 7. As discussed previously, the application of polymeric membrane in H 2 separation is limited by the trade‐off relationship between permeability and selectivity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…35 It would be also interesting to compare the H 2 separation performance of PBI and PBI MMMs with literature. To explore the change of gas permeation through PBI membranes with various types of modification, the experimental results reported by others 7,12,25,30,[35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42]…”

Section: Gas Separation Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen separation using polybenzimidazole membrane with palladium nanoparticles stabilized by polyvinylpyrrolidone

Suhaimi

Leo

Ahmad

2021

Intl J of Energy Research

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An innovation in hydrogen (H 2 ) selective membrane holds the substantial key of H 2 economy. Polymers are the most practical and economical material for membrane fabrication, but their application in H 2 separation is always constrained within the selectivity-permeability "trade-off" boundary. The expensive palladium (Pd) thin films offer higher selectivity by facilitating the dissociation, diffusion and re-association of H 2 gas. This work reports on the incorporation of Pd nanoparticles into polybenzimidazole (PBI) membranes to surpass the mentioned limitations. Pd nanoparticles were synthesized and stabilized in the inversed microemulsion of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) prior to blending. The X-ray diffraction and energy dispersive X-ray results proved the presence of Pd nanoparticles blended into PBI membrane with dense structure. The agglomerated and the stabilized Pd nanoparticles PBI matrix behaved very differently in H 2 adsorption at the rising temperature as shown in temperatureprogrammed reduction results. The ideal H 2 /CO 2 selectivity of PBI membrane with 1 wt% of Pd nanoparticles was improved by 49% compared to the PBI membrane at 150 C. This membrane surpassed the upper bound Robeson plot at 300 C (ideal H 2 /CO 2 selectivity of 83.57; H 2 permeability of 151.73 Barrer) and the H 2 permeation could be correlated with Van't Hoff-Arrhenius equation.

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“…PBI was also blended with glassy polymers other than PIs. For example, thermosets of PBI and poly(melamine co-formaldehyde) (PMF) were synthesized and showed H 2 permeability of 57 Barrer and H 2 /CO 2 selectivity of 13 at 250 C. [75] Asymmetric membranes based on blends of PBI and polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIM) displayed H 2 permeance of 58 GPU and H 2 /CO 2 selectivity of 24 at 250 C. [76] PBI can be blended with sulfonated polyphenylsulfone (sPPSU) and cross-linked with α,α 0 -dibromo-p-xylene, leading to H 2 permeability of 46 Barrer and H 2 /CO 2 selectivity of 9.9 at 150 C. [77] The blends were fabricated into HFMs with H 2 permeance of 17 GPU and H 2 /CO 2 selectivity of 9.7 at 90 C. [78,79] When a blend of PBI/Matrimid (75/25) was cross-linked with p-xylene diamine, the H 2 /CO 2 selectivity increased from 9.4 to 26, and H 2 permeability decreased from 5.5 to 3.6 Barrer. [80]…”

Section: Polymer Blendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, thermosets of PBI and poly(melamine co‐formaldehyde) (PMF) were synthesized and showed H 2 permeability of 57 Barrer and H 2 /CO 2 selectivity of 13 at 250 °C. [ 75 ] Asymmetric membranes based on blends of PBI and polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIM) displayed H 2 permeance of 58 GPU and H 2 /CO 2 selectivity of 24 at 250 °C. [ 76 ]…”

Section: Engineering Polymers To Enhance H2/co2 Separation Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecularly engineering polymeric membranes for H₂/CO₂ separation at 100–300 °C

Pal

Nguyen

et al. 2020

Journal of Polymer Science

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Over the last two decades, polymers with superior H2/CO2 separation properties at 100–300 °C have gathered significant interest for H2 purification and CO2 capture. This timely review presents various strategies adopted to molecularly engineer polymers for this application. We first elucidate the Robeson's upper bound at elevated temperatures for H2/CO2 separation and the advantages of high‐temperature operation (such as improved solubility selectivity and absence of CO2 plasticization), compared with conventional membrane gas separations at ~35 °C. Second, we describe commercially relevant membranes for the separation and highlight materials with free volumes tuned to discriminate H2 and CO2, including functional polymers (such as polybenzimidazole) and engineered polymers by cross‐linking, blending, thermal treatment, thermal rearrangement, and carbonization. Third, we succinctly discuss mixed matrix materials containing size‐sieving or H2‐sorptive nanofillers with attractive H2/CO2 separation properties.

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Blended polybenzimidazole and melamine-co-formaldehyde thermosets

Cited by 15 publications

References 43 publications

Molecular Layer Deposition of Thermally Stable Polybenzimidazole‐Like Thin Films and Nanostructures

Molecular Layer Deposition of Thermally Stable Polybenzimidazole‐Like Thin Films and Nanostructures

Hydrogen separation using polybenzimidazole membrane with palladium nanoparticles stabilized by polyvinylpyrrolidone

Molecularly engineering polymeric membranes for H₂/CO₂ separation at 100–300 °C

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Blended polybenzimidazole and melamine-co-formaldehyde thermosets

Cited by 15 publications

References 43 publications

Molecular Layer Deposition of Thermally Stable Polybenzimidazole‐Like Thin Films and Nanostructures

Molecular Layer Deposition of Thermally Stable Polybenzimidazole‐Like Thin Films and Nanostructures

Hydrogen separation using polybenzimidazole membrane with palladium nanoparticles stabilized by polyvinylpyrrolidone

Molecularly engineering polymeric membranes for H2/CO2 separation at 100–300 °C

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Molecularly engineering polymeric membranes for H₂/CO₂ separation at 100–300 °C