Bleeding on probing as it relates to probing pressure and gingival health

Lang, Niklaus P.; Nyman, Sture; Senn, Christoph; Joss, Andreas

doi:10.1111/j.1600-051x.1991.tb00424.x

Cited by 127 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Probing pressure has been shown to be an important determinant in gingival bleeding assessment [12]. In order to delineate further factors possibly influencing bleeding on probing, pressure-controlled probes should be employed in prospective experimental settings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of gingival dimensions on bleeding upon probing in young adults with plaque-induced gingivitis

Müller

Heinecke

2002

Clin Oral Invest

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In both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies of young adults with plaque-induced gingivitis it has been observed that bleeding upon probing is only weakly associated with supragingival plaque. It has been speculated that gingival bleeding may be influenced by several independent factors other than plaque. Great intra- and interindividual variation of gingival thickness and width has been reported. Based on respective observations, the existence of different gingival phenotypes has been suggested. The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible influence of gingival thickness and width on bleeding on probing. Forty young adults with mild, plaque-induced gingivitis, 24 non-smokers and 16 smokers, participated in this cross-sectional study. In addition to periodontal probing depth, clinical attachment loss, width of gingiva, bleeding on probing, and presence of plaque, gingival thickness was measured with an ultrasonic device. Multivariable models were separately calculated for buccal, mandibular lingual, and palatal surfaces and generally adjusted for tooth type. Generalised Estimation Equation methodology was employed in order to adjust for correlated observations. Plaque was significantly associated with bleeding upon probing only at buccal sites (odds ratio 1.80, 95% confidence interval 1.19-2.72) An influence of similar magnitude was identified for smoking (odds ratio 1.76; 1.07-2.89). At lingual sites in the mandible, bleeding was influenced by smoking (odds ratio 2.25; 1.18-4.25) and gingival thickness (odds ratio for thick gingiva >1 mm of 1.93; 1.02-3.65), but not plaque. At palatal sites, only periodontal probing depth had an influence (odds ratio 1.89; 1.25-2.84). It was concluded that, apart from supragingival plaque, smoking was an independent risk factor for gingival bleeding on probing. Thin and vulnerable gingiva of insufficient width was not more likely to bleed after probing than thicker tissue.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of gingival dimensions on bleeding upon probing in young adults with plaque-induced gingivitis

Müller

Heinecke

2002

Clin Oral Invest

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“…The control group received nonsurgical periodontal treatment only. Five periodontal parameters were assessed at baseline, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months: Silness and Lö e Plaque Index (PI), 24 Lö e and Silness Gingival Index (GI), 25 bleeding on probing (BOP), 26 probing pocket depth (PPD), 25 and Gingival Overgrowth Index (GOI). 27 The key outcome measure was GOI.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The adjunct effectiveness of diode laser gingivectomy in maintaining periodontal health during orthodontic treatment

Rabie

Wong

et al. 2012

The Angle Orthodontist

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Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of diode laser gingivectomy as an adjunct to nonsurgical periodontal treatment in the management of periodontal health among patients receiving fixed orthodontic appliance therapy (FOAT). Materials and Methods: Thirty patients undergoing FOAT with gingival enlargement were block randomized into two treatment groups. The test group received diode laser gingivectomy (940-nm diode laser, ezlase, Biolase Technology Inc) as an adjunct to nonsurgical periodontal treatment. The control group received nonsurgical periodontal treatment only. For both groups, five periodontal parameters were assessed at baseline, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months: Plaque Index, Gingival Index, bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth, and Gingival Overgrowth Index. Intra- and intergroup variations in the periodontal parameters were determined over time. Results: Both groups showed statistically significant improvements in periodontal health over the study period (P < .05). However, significant improvements in periodontal health were evident earlier among the test group subjects (P < .05). The magnitude of improvement in periodontal health compared to baseline was greater in the test group than in the control group for Gingival Overgrowth Index at 1 month (P < .001) and 3 months (P < .05), Gingival Index at 3 months (P < .05) and 6 months (P < .05), and probing pocket depth at 1 month (P < .05). Conclusions: Nonsurgical periodontal management with or without the adjunct use of lasers can be effective in the management of gingival health problems among patients receiving FOAT. The adjunctive use of lasers can produce an earlier and greater improvement in gingival health.

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“…The periodontal probe will injure many of the delicate blood vessels as it passes across the inflamed connective tissue, which will lead to bleeding on probing. The clinical sign of bleeding on probing has been explored and described in great detail (Greenstein et al, 1981;Lang et al, 1990Lang et al, , 1991. It is now a standard parameter of every comprehensive periodontal examination.…”

Section: Non-inflamed Periodontiummentioning

confidence: 99%

Periodontal Probing

Hefti

1997

Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine

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For decades, probing clinical pocket depth and attachment level have been recognized as the dentist's most important tools in diagnosing periodontal health and disease. They are physical methods to measure the distance from the bottom of a pocket to a reference line, usually the gingival margin or the cemento-enamel junction. Probing accuracy and precision are affected by factors like the design of the probe, probing force, probe position, pocket depth, or tissue inflammation. Recently, several new electronic periodontal probes have been developed. They feature high instrument precision, allowing for measurements to the nearest tenth of a millimeter. They control for probing force and permit data to be collected and stored electronically. The purpose of this review paper is to summarize various aspects of periodontal probing. First, the history of periodontal probes will be briefly recollected, and interesting and significant inventions of the past and the present emphasized. Then, the importance of the periodontal tissues relative to probe tip penetration will be reviewed, and the probing performance will be discussed. The paper will conclude with notes on selected statistical issues.

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Bleeding on probing as it relates to probing pressure and gingival health

Cited by 127 publications

References 22 publications

The influence of gingival dimensions on bleeding upon probing in young adults with plaque-induced gingivitis

The influence of gingival dimensions on bleeding upon probing in young adults with plaque-induced gingivitis

The adjunct effectiveness of diode laser gingivectomy in maintaining periodontal health during orthodontic treatment

Periodontal Probing

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