Bleeding and malignant pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms: A Malaysian case series

Abstract

Introduction: Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm (PNEN) is a rare malignancy arising from the endocrine tissue of the pancreas. These tumors are classified based on functional (hormonal) status and malignant potential. Symptoms and signs are related to the hormonal function, tumor size, and metastatic effect. The majority are sporadic, non-functioning while insulinoma remains the most prevalent functional variety of these tumors. Case Series: We present two cases of PNEN with different presentations and treatments; one with a resectable disease who presented as a rare case of bleeding PNEN, and the other who was unresectable due to extensive metastatic PNEN. Conclusion: Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm is a heterogeneous group of disorder with a multitude of clinical presentation. Each patient must be investigated and managed appropriately according to the treatment of