Bleaching Resistance and the Role of Algal Endosymbionts

Quigley, Kate M.; Baker, Andrew C.; Coffroth, Mary Alice; Willis, Bette L.; Oppen, Madeleine J. H. van

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-75393-5_6

Cited by 41 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 281 publications

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“…For the Symbiodiniaceae communities, the increase in occurrence and abundance of Durusdinium spp. in recruits under elevated temperature and p CO 2 conditions can be a mechanism of acclimatization under these challenging conditions (Quigley et al, ; Stat & Gates, ). While members of Durusdinium generally account for <1% of a corals' Symbiodiniaceae community (Boulotte et al, ), they tend to occur in higher abundance in corals experiencing environmental stress.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the Symbiodiniaceae communities, the increase in occurrence and abundance of Durusdinium spp. in recruits under elevated temperature and pCO 2 conditions can be a mechanism of acclimatization under these challenging conditions (Quigley et al, 2018;Stat & Gates, 2011 (Oliver & Palumbi, 2009) and from the lagoonal environment in Palau where diurnal variations in temperature and pH were extreme (Fabricius, Mieog, Colin, Idip, & van Oppen, 2004), as well as corals recovered from a bleaching event (Bay, Doyle, Logan, & Berkelmans, 2016;Boulotte et al, 2016).…”

Section: Environmental Condition Was a Primary Driver Of Microbial mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Symbiodiniaceae and bacterial symbionts can be transmitted vertically (from parent to offspring) and/or horizontally (acquired from the environment; Ceh, van Keulen, & Bourne, ; Quigley, Baker, Coffroth, Willis, & van Oppen, ). Multiple Symbiodiniaceae and bacterial taxa can co‐exist within a coral host, with up to 10 2 –10 3 bacterial strains and ~15 Symbiodiniaceae operational taxonomic units (OTUs based on 97% ITS2 sequence similarity cut‐off) found within a coral host (Blackall et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The roles of age, parentage and environment on bacterial and algal endosymbiont communities in Acropora corals

et al. 2019

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The bacterial and microalgal endosymbiont (Symbiodiniaceae spp.) communities associated with corals have important roles in their health and resilience, yet little is known about the factors driving their succession during early coral life stages. Using 16S rRNA gene and ITS2 metabarcoding, we compared these communities in four Acropora coral species and their hybrids obtained from two laboratory crosses (Acropora tenuis × Acropora loripes and Acropora sarmentosa × Acropora florida) across the parental, recruit (7 months old) and juvenile (2 years old) life stages. We tested whether microbiomes differed between (a) life stages, (b) hybrids and purebreds, and (c) treatment conditions (ambient/elevated temperature and pCO2). Microbial communities of early life stage corals were highly diverse, lacked host specificity and were primarily determined by treatment conditions. Over time, a winnowing process occurred, and distinct microbial communities developed between the two species pair crosses by 2 years of age, irrespective of hybrid or purebred status. These findings suggest that the microbial communities of corals have a period of flexibility prior to adulthood, which can be valuable to future research aimed at the manipulation of coral microbial communities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the Symbiodiniaceae communities, the increase in occurrence and abundance of Durusdinium spp. in recruits under elevated temperature and pCO 2 conditions can be a mechanism of acclimatization under these challenging conditions (Quigley et al, 2018;Stat & Gates, 2011 (Oliver & Palumbi, 2009) and from the lagoonal environment in Palau where diurnal variations in temperature and pH were extreme (Fabricius, Mieog, Colin, Idip, & van Oppen, 2004), as well as corals recovered from a bleaching event (Bay, Doyle, Logan, & Berkelmans, 2016;Boulotte et al, 2016).…”

Section: Environmental Condition Was a Primary Driver Of Microbial mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The roles of age, parentage and environment on bacterial and algal endosymbiont communities in Acropora corals

et al. 2019

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“…Coral adaptation processes include genetic, epigenetic and physiological responses in the coral host, Symbiodiniaceae partners and associated microbes (reviewed by Barshis, ; Morrow, Muller, & Lesser, ; Quigley, Baker, Coffroth, Willis, & van Oppen, ; Torda et al, ). As bleaching is typically initiated by oxidative damage to Symbiodiniaceae and/or host cells (Oakley & Davy, ), any enhancements to the heat tolerance of Symbiodiniaceae partners is expected to confer bleaching resistance in the symbiosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corals in the hottest reefs in the world exhibit symbiont fidelity not flexibility

et al. 2020

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Reef‐building corals are at risk of extinction from ocean warming. While some corals can enhance their thermal limits by associating with dinoflagellate photosymbionts of superior stress tolerance, the extent to which symbiont communities will reorganize under increased warming pressure remains unclear. Here we show that corals in the hottest reefs in the world in the Persian Gulf maintain associations with the same symbionts across 1.5 years despite extreme seasonal warming and acute heat stress (≥35°C). Persian Gulf corals predominantly associated with Cladocopium (clade C) and most also hosted Symbiodinium (clade A) and/or Durusdinium (clade D). This is in contrast to the neighbouring and milder Oman Sea, where corals associated with Durusdinium and only a minority hosted background levels of Cladocopium. During acute heat stress, the higher prevalence of Symbiodinium and Durusdinium in bleached versus nonbleached Persian Gulf corals indicates that genotypes of these background genera did not confer bleaching resistance. Within symbiont genera, the majority of ITS2 rDNA type profiles were unique to their respective coral species, confirming the existence of host‐specific symbiont lineages. Notably, further differentiation among Persian Gulf sites demonstrates that symbiont populations are either isolated or specialized over tens to hundreds of kilometres. Thermal tolerance across coral species was associated with the prevalence of a single ITS2 intragenomic sequence variant (C3gulf), definitive of the Cladocopium thermophilum group. The abundance of C3gulf was highest in bleaching‐resistant corals and at warmer sites, potentially indicating a specific symbiont genotype (or set of genotypes) that may play a role in thermal tolerance that warrants further investigation. Together, our findings indicate that co‐evolution of host–Symbiodiniaceae partnerships favours fidelity rather than flexibility in extreme environments and under future warming.

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“…The likelihood of bleaching depends on host traits (Baird, Bhagooli, Ralph, & Takahashi, and references therein), but also on the traits of the symbiont (Quigley, Baker, Coffroth, Willis, & van Oppen, and references therein), and the conditions of the environment in which this interaction takes place (Anthony, Kline, Diaz‐Pulido, Dove, & Hoegh‐Guldberg, ; Harvell et al, ; Hoegh‐Guldberg, ). If symbiont traits can evolve in response to stressful environments, bleaching may be less likely to occur (Chakravarti, Beltran, & van Oppen, ; Chakravarti & van Oppen, ; Howells et al, ; van Oppen, Souter, Howells, Heyward, & Berkelmans, ; Zilber‐Rosenberg & Rosenberg, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic variation in Breviolum antillogorgium, a coral reef symbiont, in response to temperature and nutrients

Bayliss

Scott

Coffroth

et al. 2019

Ecology and Evolution

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Symbionts within the family Symbiodiniaceae are important on coral reefs because they provide significant amounts of carbon to many different reef species. The breakdown of this mutualism that occurs as a result of increasingly warmer ocean temperatures is a major threat to coral reef ecosystems globally. Recombination during sexual reproduction and high rates of somatic mutation can lead to increased genetic variation within symbiont species, which may provide the fuel for natural selection and adaptation. However, few studies have asked whether such variation in functional traits exists within these symbionts. We used several genotypes of two closely related species, Breviolum antillogorgium and B. minutum , to examine variation of traits related to symbiosis in response to increases in temperature or nitrogen availability in laboratory cultures. We found significant genetic variation within and among symbiont species in chlorophyll content, photosynthetic efficiency, and growth rate. Two genotypes showed decreases in traits in response to increased temperatures predicted by climate change, but one genotype responded positively. Similarly, some genotypes within a species responded positively to high‐nitrogen environments, such as those expected within hosts or eutrophication associated with global change, while other genotypes in the same species responded negatively, suggesting context‐dependency in the strength of mutualism. Such variation in traits implies that there is potential for natural selection on symbionts in response to temperature and nutrients, which could confer an adaptive advantage to the holobiont.

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Bleaching Resistance and the Role of Algal Endosymbionts

Cited by 41 publications

References 281 publications

The roles of age, parentage and environment on bacterial and algal endosymbiont communities in Acropora corals

The roles of age, parentage and environment on bacterial and algal endosymbiont communities in Acropora corals

Corals in the hottest reefs in the world exhibit symbiont fidelity not flexibility

Genetic variation in Breviolum antillogorgium, a coral reef symbiont, in response to temperature and nutrients

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