Bleaching in coral reef anthozoans: effects of irradiance, ultraviolet radiation, and temperature on the activities of protective enzymes against active oxygen

Lesser, Michael P.; Stochaj, Wayne R.; Tapley, David W.; Shick, J. Malcolm

doi:10.1007/bf00265015

Cited by 438 publications

(331 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…See Table 1 for abbreviations. Values are mean ± SE (n = 4) teristics such as pigmentation and anti-oxidative enzymatic activity may also influence the photophysiological responses of Symbiodinium (Lesser et al 1990, Gates & Edmunds 1999, Salih et al 2000. However, to our knowledge no regional-scale information on these host characteristics is available and this therefore warrants further investigation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in photosynthesis and respiration in geographically distinct populations of two reef‑building coral species

Ulstrup¹,

Kühl²,

Oppen³

et al. 2011

Aquat. Biol.

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Studies of the regulation and importance of physiological processes such as coral photosynthesis and respiration on coral reefs require knowledge of spatio-temporal patterns of variability at different scales. Oxygen microelectrodes were used to measure photosynthesis and dark respiration of 2 corals, Pocillopora damicornis and Turbinaria reniformis, in the northern (Lizard Island) and central (Davies and Broadhurst Reefs) regions of the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) in winter and summer. Genetic characterisation of Symbiodinium revealed that P. damicornis hosted a single symbiont type (Symbiodinium C1) in both regions, whereas T. reniformis harboured 2 types, dependent on location. Colonies at Lizard Island harboured Symbiodinium D, whereas colonies at Davies Reef harboured Symbiodinium C2. Rates of gross photosynthesis were greater in the central than in the northern GBR in summer. A similar pattern was detected for dark respiration rates in T. reniformis. No seasonal change in either photosynthesis or dark respiration was evident in the northern GBR, possibly due to less annual variability in light conditions, and for T. reniformis, additionally the presence of Symbiodinium D. These results highlight that environmental conditions coupled with regional-scale distribution of Symbiodinium are likely to exert important influences on respiration and photosynthetic performance of reef-building corals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in photosynthesis and respiration in geographically distinct populations of two reef‑building coral species

Ulstrup¹,

Kühl²,

Oppen³

et al. 2011

Aquat. Biol.

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“…Coral bleaching occurs when the symbiosis between corals and their endosymbionts (Symbiodinium spp) disintegrates in response to stress (Jokiel and Coles, 1977;Steen and Muscatine, 1987;Hoegh-Guldberg and Smith, 1989;Kleppel et al, 1989;Glynn and D'Croz, 1990;Lesser et al, 1990;Glynn, 1991;Hoegh-Guldberg, 1999;Leggat et al, 2006). The incidence of mass coral bleaching has increased over the past 20 years and is directly correlated with periods of exceptionally warm sea temperatures (Glynn, 1991;Hoegh-Guldberg, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteria are not the primary cause of bleaching in the Mediterranean coral Oculina patagonica

et al. 2007

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Coral bleaching occurs when the endosymbiosis between corals and their symbionts disintegrates during stress. Mass coral bleaching events have increased over the past 20 years and are directly correlated with periods of warm sea temperatures. However, some hypotheses have suggested that reef-building corals bleach due to infection by bacterial pathogens. The 'Bacterial Bleaching' hypothesis is based on laboratory studies of the Mediterranean invading coral, Oculina patagonica, and has further generated conclusions such as the coral probiotic hypothesis and coral hologenome theory of evolution. We aimed to investigate the natural microbial ecology of O. patagonica during the annual bleaching using fluorescence in situ hybridization to map bacterial populations within the coral tissue layers, and found that the coral bleaches on the temperate rocky reefs of the Israeli coastline without the presence of Vibrio shiloi or bacterial penetration of its tissue layers. Bacterial communities were found associated with the endolithic layer of bleached coral regions, and a community dominance shift from an apparent cyanobacterial-dominated endolithic layer to an algal-dominated layer was found in bleached coral samples. While bacterial communities certainly play important roles in coral stasis and health, we suggest environmental stressors, such as those documented with reef-building corals, are the primary triggers leading to bleaching of O. patagonica and suggest that bacterial involvement in patterns of bleaching is that of opportunistic colonization.

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“…Reduced proteins and lipids (Porter et al 1989;Michalek-Wagner & Willis 2001), lowered growth rate (Goreau & Macfarlane 1990), lower calcification and repair capabilities (Glynn 1993;Meesters & Bak 1993) and termination of gametogenesis (Szmant & Gassman 1990;Ward 2000;Fine et al 2001) have all been reported following reduction in zooxanthellae densities (bleaching). Coral bleaching, the disruption of the symbiotic association between coral hosts and their symbiotic photosynthetic algal endosymbionts, is often linked to elevated seawater temperature (Glynn 1991(Glynn , 1993Brown 1997;Hoegh-Guldberg 1999) and high solar irradiance (Jokiel 1980;Lesser et al 1990;Gleason & Wellington 1993;Glynn 1993). It threatens coral reefs throughout the world, causing mortality and, in some cases, local extinctions (Wilkinson 1999;Hoegh-Guldberg 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endolithic algae: an alternative source of photoassimilates during coral bleaching

Fine

Loya

2002

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B

203

171

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Recent reports of worldwide coral bleaching events leading to devastating coral mortality have caused alarm among scientists and resource managers. Differential survival of coral species through bleaching events has been widely documented. We suggest that among the possible factors contributing to survival of coral species during such events are endolithic algae harboured in their skeleton, providing an alternative source of energy. We studied the dynamics of photosynthetic pigment concentrations and biomass of endoliths in the skeleton of the encrusting coral Oculina patagonica throughout a bleaching event. During repeated summer bleaching events these endolithic algae receive increased photosynthetically active radiation, increase markedly in biomass, and produce increasing amounts of photoassimilates, which are translocated to the coral. Chlorophyll concentrations and biomass of endoliths were 4.6 ± 1.57 and 1570 ± 427 µg cm Ϫ2 respectively, in skeletons of relatively healthy colonies (0-40% bleaching) but up to 14.8 ± 2.5 and 4036 ± 764 µg cm Ϫ2 endolith chlorophyll and biomass respectively, in skeletons of bleached colonies (greater than 40% bleaching). The translocation dynamics of 14 C-labelled photoassimilates from the endoliths to bleached coral tissue showed significantly higher 14 C activity of the endoliths harboured within the skeletons of bleached corals than that of the endoliths in non-bleached corals. This alternative source of energy may be vital for the survivorship of O. patagonica, allowing gradual recruitment of zooxanthellae and subsequent recovery during the following winter.

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Bleaching in coral reef anthozoans: effects of irradiance, ultraviolet radiation, and temperature on the activities of protective enzymes against active oxygen

Cited by 438 publications

References 47 publications

Variation in photosynthesis and respiration in geographically distinct populations of two reef‑building coral species

Variation in photosynthesis and respiration in geographically distinct populations of two reef‑building coral species

Bacteria are not the primary cause of bleaching in the Mediterranean coral Oculina patagonica

Endolithic algae: an alternative source of photoassimilates during coral bleaching

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Bleaching in coral reef anthozoans: effects of irradiance, ultraviolet radiation, and temperature on the activities of protective enzymes against active oxygen

Cited by 438 publications

References 47 publications

Variation in photosynthesis and respiration in ­geographically distinct populations of two reef‑building coral species

Variation in photosynthesis and respiration in ­geographically distinct populations of two reef‑building coral species

Bacteria are not the primary cause of bleaching in the Mediterranean coral Oculina patagonica

Endolithic algae: an alternative source of photoassimilates during coral bleaching

Contact Info

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Variation in photosynthesis and respiration in geographically distinct populations of two reef‑building coral species

Variation in photosynthesis and respiration in geographically distinct populations of two reef‑building coral species