Bleaching efficacy of at home 16% carbamide peroxide. A long‐term clinical follow‐up study

Llena, Carmen; Villanueva, A. Cervera; Mejias, Elena; Forner, Leopoldo

doi:10.1111/jerd.12560

Cited by 21 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…In-office bleaching agents contain high concentrations of carbamide peroxide (35%-40%) or hydrogen peroxide (30%-50%), while at-home bleaching agents contain low concentrations of these peroxides and are applied with custom trays under the dentist supervision. [1][2][3] Carbamide peroxide and hydrogen peroxide function as oxidative agents by forming free radicals such as hydrogen ions and oxygen reactive molecules. These active molecules interact with the pigments that are present in the teeth and diminish their appearance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The vital bleaching procedure is generally used in esthetic dentistry to treat intrinsic and sometimes extrinsic teeth discoloration. In‐office bleaching agents contain high concentrations of carbamide peroxide (35%‐40%) or hydrogen peroxide (30%‐50%), while at‐home bleaching agents contain low concentrations of these peroxides and are applied with custom trays under the dentist supervision 1‐3 . Carbamide peroxide and hydrogen peroxide function as oxidative agents by forming free radicals such as hydrogen ions and oxygen reactive molecules.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of various antioxidants on micro‐shear bond strength of resin composite to bleached enamel

Elawsya

Elshehawy

Zaghloul

2020

J Esthet Restor Dent

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Objective: Teeth bleaching causes an immediate decrease in resin composite bonding ability. This study aimed to investigate the influence of various antioxidants on resin composite bond strength to bleached enamel. Materials and methods: One hundred and ten human maxillary incisors were used. A negative control (group A) (n = 10) was assigned (no bleaching-no antioxidant). The remaining teeth were divided into two groups (n = 50) according to the bleaching agent used: group B (40% hydrogen peroxide) and group C (35% carbamide peroxide). Both groups were subdivided into five subgroups (n = 10). A positive control subgroup (no antioxidant) and other four subgroups according to the antioxidant solution used (10% sodium ascorbate, 10% grape seed extract, 10% green tea extract, and 5% alpha-lipoic acid). After resin composite building, the micro-shear bond strength test was performed. Fracture analysis was examined using a stereomicroscope. Statistical analysis was performed using a two-way analysis of variance and Tukey's HSD post hoc test. Results: Bond strength significantly decreased after bleaching and there was no significant difference between bleaching agents (P < .0848). Except for alpha-lipoic acid subgroups, the other antioxidants subgroups revealed significantly higher bond strengths than bleached control subgroups (P < .0001). Conclusion: All antioxidants used except alpha-lipoic acid were effective in the reversal of compromised bonding after bleaching. Clinical significance: Immediate bonding procedures after bleaching are requisite when bleaching fails to treat teeth discoloration and the direct composite veneer is considered, also when shades of old composite restorations become mismatched after bleaching and should be replaced. Immediate reestablishment of resin bond strengths after bleaching can be achieved by using several antioxidants without the need for delay.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of various antioxidants on micro‐shear bond strength of resin composite to bleached enamel

Elawsya

Elshehawy

Zaghloul

2020

J Esthet Restor Dent

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“…Carbamide peroxide is the former active ingredient that decomposes into free radicals within dental structures. 26 The free radicals can reduce dentin's organic compounds and change their optical properties, leading to the bleaching effect. 27,28 Due to hydrogen peroxide's chemical affinity for dentin organic compounds, higher concentrations of hydrogen peroxide appear near cementoenamel junctions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During bleaching, the carbamide peroxide breaks down into urea and hydrogen peroxide. Carbamide peroxide is the former active ingredient that decomposes into free radicals within dental structures 26 . The free radicals can reduce dentin's organic compounds and change their optical properties, leading to the bleaching effect 27,28 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel carbamide peroxide polymeric nanoparticle bleaching gel: Color change and hydrogen peroxide penetration inside the pulp cavity

Favoreto

Madureira

Hass

et al. 2020

J Esthet Restor Dent

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Objective: This study evaluated the hydrogen peroxide (HP) penetration inside the pulp cavity and the color change of teeth submitted to the 15% carbamide peroxide (CP) nanoparticle bleaching gel at several application times. Materials and methods: Premolars were divided into nine groups (n = 6) according to 15% CP bleaching agents (nanoparticle and commercial) and to application times (15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes). A negative control was exposed to ultra-purified water. After a whitening procedure, the HP concentration (μg/mL) inside the pulp cavity was assessed via spectrophotometry. The color change (ΔE* and ΔE00*) was evaluated with a spectrophotometer. Data were analyzed via two-way ANOVA and Tukey (α = 0.05). Results: A lower concentration of HP was detected for CP nanoparticle gel after 30 and 45 minutes of whitening procedure (P = .001). The bleaching groups promoted a higher color change (ΔE* and ΔE00*) regardless of the application time (P = .0001). Conclusions: The CP nanoparticle gel reduced HP inside the pulp cavity, and showed effective bleaching compared with CP commercial gel. Clinical significance: Using 15% carbamide peroxide nanoparticle bleaching gel decreased the HP penetration inside the pulp cavity and may decrease bleachinginduced tooth sensitivity in at-home bleaching. K E Y W O R D S tooth bleaching, nanotechnology, tooth whitening, hydrogen peroxide, carbamide peroxide 1 | INTRODUCTION A high demand for tooth whitening makes it one of the most common and popular procedures in the dental clinic. 1 Among various supervised dental bleaching techniques, at-home bleaching has been reported as successful 2,3 and is the tooth-bleaching technique used most often. 4 This technique is safer, easier to use, and less expensive due to the lower time in the chair required compared with the inoffice bleaching technique. 5,6 The most widely used at-home bleaching product is carbamide peroxide. 3 During the bleaching procedure, carbamide peroxide decomposes in hydrogen peroxide, which diffuses throughout dental structures and interacts with organic molecules, thus promoting the bleaching. 7 However, this can generate bleaching-induced tooth

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“…Tooth bleaching is a widespread technique commonly performed and desired by patients due to its conservative approach and efficacy in providing color alterations 1,2 . Carbamide (CP) and hydrogen (HP) peroxides are active compounds of bleaching agents, and their concentrations vary according to the bleaching technique 3 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bond strength of resin composite to enamel submitted to at-home desensitizer and bleaching agents

Kury

Silva

Zandonadi³

et al. 2021

Braz. J. Oral Sci.

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Aim: This study evaluated the effect of a desensitizer agent (DES) during bleaching with 10% carbamide peroxide (CP) on enamel microshear bond strength (μSBS). Methods: Sixty bovine incisors were obtained and randomly distributed into groups (n=15): (C) Control: no desensitizing or bleaching, (DES) desensitizing gel application, (CP) bleaching with 10% CP and (CP/DES) bleaching with 10% CP combined with DES. Bleaching was performed for 6 h/day for 14 consecutive days. DES was applied for 8 h only on the 7th and 14th days of therapy. Specimens were stored in artificial saliva among the CP or DES applications and submitted to μSBS testing at three postrestoration times (n=5): 24 h, 7 days, and 14 days after bleaching using a universal testing machine. Failure modes were observed under a stereomicroscope. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test (α=5%). Results: Immediately after bleaching (24 h), CP promoted lower μSBS than the C and DES groups (p<0.05) but with no differences from the CP/DES. μSBS increased in the DES, CP, and CP/DES groups (p<0.05) when bonding was performed for 7 or 14 days elapsed from bleaching. CP/DES exhibited the highest μSBS among the groups 14 days after bleaching (p<0.05). Cohesive failure in enamel was predominant in the CP groups, while adhesive failure was mostly observed for the other groups. Conclusion: The use of a desensitizer during at-home bleaching maintained the enamel immediate bond strength, and its application favored bonding when the restoration was delayed for 14 days.

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Bleaching efficacy of at home 16% carbamide peroxide. A long‐term clinical follow‐up study

Cited by 21 publications

References 40 publications

Influence of various antioxidants on micro‐shear bond strength of resin composite to bleached enamel

Influence of various antioxidants on micro‐shear bond strength of resin composite to bleached enamel

A novel carbamide peroxide polymeric nanoparticle bleaching gel: Color change and hydrogen peroxide penetration inside the pulp cavity

Bond strength of resin composite to enamel submitted to at-home desensitizer and bleaching agents

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