Blast Oxygen Furnace Slag as Chemical Soil Stabilizer for Use in Roads

Diniz, Dayse Horta; Carvalho, José Maria Franco de; Mendes, Júlia Castro; Peixoto, Ricardo André Fiorotti

doi:10.1061/(asce)mt.1943-5533.0001969

Cited by 33 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The results for the mixes with lime and LFS were identical to each other and showed, in general, a decrease in the MDD and an increase in the OMC compared to the values for natural soils, which in turn translated into a light flattening of the Proctor curve. These results were in accordance with the existing literature (Bell 1996 ; Rahmat and Kinuthia 2011 ; Ghobadi et al 2014 ; Diniz et al 2017 ). The increase in the OMC was 0.5 percentage points higher compared to the untreated soils in the SAC2, SAE5, SBC2, and SBE5 mixes (10.80% and 8.90%, compared to 10.30% and 8.40%, for the SA and SB soils, respectively).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Finally, hydration and carbonation of free lime (CaO) and magnesia (MgO) are the main causes of the volumetric expansion of LFS that is also the main drawback for its use in civil-engineering applications (Motz and Geiseler 2001 ). Exposure to natural weathering is an efficient technique to minimize the deferred formation of expansive oxides that can cause problems in the long term when using LFS (Diniz et al 2017 ). A problem that can be minimized when most of the free lime in the LFS has already been partially hydrated, in the form of portlandite, Ca(OH) 2 , and even slightly carbonated, in the form of calcite, CaCO 3 .…”

Section: Materials and Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Strength performance of low-bearing-capacity clayey soils stabilized with ladle furnace slag

Espinosa,

Revilla-Cuesta,

Skaf

et al. 2023

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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In this paper, the performance of ladle furnace slag (LFS), a by-product of secondary steel refining, is evaluated as a binder to stabilize clayey soils of low bearing capacity. The aim is to define whether additions of this by-product to clayey soil can stabilize the soil in accordance with the technical specifications of Spanish standards. To do so, three different soils stabilized with 5% LFS were compared with the same soils stabilized with 2% lime and with no stabilization, in order to investigate their different behaviors. The chemical and mineralogical characterizations of all the soil mixes were conducted using X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. The Atterberg limit test was used to study the plastic behavior of the soils, and the results of compaction, bearing capacity, unconfined compressive strength, and direct shear strength (cohesion and friction angle) tests defined their strength characteristics. The analysis was completed with the pH monitoring of the mixes along the curing time in order to relate the pH changes with the strength evolution. The addition of LFS to the soils has resulted in an increase in the liquid limit and plastic limit, causing therefore a slight decrease in the plasticity index. All the soils showed increases between 30% and 70% in their California Bearing Ratios immediately after mixing with 5% LFS, and after 90 days of curing, improvements of 30–188% in their unconfined compressive strength were noted in comparison with untreated soil, which were higher than the lime-stabilized soils. The cohesion of soils stabilized with LFS at 28 days of curing obtained improvements ranging from 40 to 300% depending on the type of soil. However, the friction angle showed a slight increase of 10% in two of the soils and zero in another. The high initial pH in LFS-stabilized soils was maintained during the curing time, which favored the development of pozzolanic reactions that improve the soil strength. These results confirmed that the substitution of lime with LFS is a feasible option for soil stabilization.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Materials and Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Strength performance of low-bearing-capacity clayey soils stabilized with ladle furnace slag

Espinosa,

Revilla-Cuesta,

Skaf

et al. 2023

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…This steel slag was subjected to a magnetic separation process to reduce its metallic iron content. To reduce the expansive oxides present in steel slag, Diniz et al [25], Adegoloye et al [28] and Pellegrino and Gaddo [21] verified the efficiency of the weathering process for periods superior to six months. The steel slag available for this research was subjected to four years of weathering through wet-dry cycles in a stockyard.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some authors reported increases of about 40% in the compressive strength of conventional strength concretes (fck<40 MPa) produced with total replacement of the conventional coarse aggregate and partial substitution of the fine aggregate (0-55%) with steel slag [9], [10], [21]- [23]. Additionally, many researchers evaluated the steel slag incorporation in precast elements such as structural masonry blocks [24], pavers [14], and its use as soil stabilizer [25]. Despite all available information, sitecast concretes produced with full replacement of natural aggregates by steel slag aggregates (coarse and fine) are still rare, but some spare results indicated the viability of eco-efficient concretes with steel slag aggregates [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eco-efficient steel slag concretes: an alternative to achieve circular economy

Costa

Nogueira

Ferreira

et al. 2022

Rev. IBRACON Estrut. Mater.

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Annually billions of tonnes of aggregates are extracted to apply in civil construction generating environmental impacts and energy consumption. So, based on circular economy principles applying residues as aggregates is a good solution to reduce the mining activity and to generate a more efficient destination for the residues. Thus, this research aims to evaluate the technical, economic, and environmental performance of concretes produced entirely with steel slag aggregates. The concretes were characterized through physical properties, as specific gravity, water absorption, compressive and tensile strength. Durability tests (expansibility) were also conducted. The authors analyzed the cost assessment and environmental impact of steel slag concrete production as well. The incorporation of steel slag increases the compressive and tensile strength of concrete, analyzed in different ages. Additionally, the steel slag does not present expansibility when confined in the concrete matrix. The entire replacement of natural aggregates for steel slag allowed to reduce in 31% the cement consumption, a decrease of 140 kg/m3, for the same strength class. The environmental analysis showed that the incorporation of steel slag aggregates reduced the cement intensity of concrete and its impact. Regarding the cost assessment, the mixtures with steel slag presented a lower cost compared to the conventional one. These results indicate that steel slag aggregates could be used in a cleaner production of concrete, replacing natural aggregates with no injury. This research provides the feasibility of using steel slag aggregates in a cleaner and cheaper concrete production and contribute to the promotion of sustainable solutions for the construction sector through the circular economy principles.

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“…In addition, CaCl 2 ·2H 2 O, fly ash, basic oxygen furnace steel slag and other materials have been studied in an attempt to strengthen the properties of clay–cement cementitious materials. These additives were shown to participate in or promote physical and chemical interaction between cement and clay particles to produce new hydration products, so as to form a new stronger and harder matrix [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the Effect of Graphene Oxide on the Properties and Microstructure of Clay-Cement Composite Grouting Materials

et al. 2022

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Reductions in bleeding rates and bulk shrinkage of grouting repair materials comprise the key to solving the leakage of earth–rock dams. In this paper, an anti-seepage grouting material for earth–rock dam was developed by introducing mineral admixtures and graphene oxide (GO) nano sheets into low-cost clay–cement grouting materials and by adding polycarboxylate superplasticizers (PCs) to improve slurry viscosity. The experimental results show that the shear stress and viscosity of the slurry increase with the increase in GO concentration, and the slurry has a certain thixotropy. GO can provide a platform to promote the formation of hydration products and fill the pores of clay particles due to its high specific surface area and low volume; in this paper, the microstructure of clay–cement–graphene oxide (CCGO) grouting materials were improved. Therefore, the bleeding rate, bulk shrinkage rate, setting time and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of the sample were macroscopically improved. In particular, the bleeding rate and bulk shrinkage rate were shown to be 0% when the content of GO reached 1.08 g/kg. Thus, the grouting anti-seepage and reinforcement performance of CCGO grouting materials were improved.

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Blast Oxygen Furnace Slag as Chemical Soil Stabilizer for Use in Roads

Cited by 33 publications

References 19 publications

Strength performance of low-bearing-capacity clayey soils stabilized with ladle furnace slag

Strength performance of low-bearing-capacity clayey soils stabilized with ladle furnace slag

Eco-efficient steel slag concretes: an alternative to achieve circular economy

Investigation of the Effect of Graphene Oxide on the Properties and Microstructure of Clay-Cement Composite Grouting Materials

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