Blast Loading Experiments of Surrogate Models for Tbi Scenarios

Alley, M. D.; Son, Steven F.

doi:10.1063/1.3295069

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Current efforts to extend the scope and biofidelity of computer models include the incorporation of advanced tissue constitutive models informed with mechanical properties obtained from in vivo (20) and in vitro dynamic testing of mammalian brain tissue (21) and model validation against lab-scale and field blast tests on animal and physical surrogate models (22).…”

Section: Physicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In silico investigation of intracranial blast mitigation with relevance to military traumatic brain injury

Nyein

Jason²,

Yu³

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

142

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Section: Physicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In silico investigation of intracranial blast mitigation with relevance to military traumatic brain injury

Nyein

Jason²,

Yu³

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

142

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“…( 52 , 53 )]. Alley ( 54 ) measured magnification of blast waves by two to five times at an anterior location in an instrumented, gel-filled polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) sphere. By contrast, another finite element model predicted that peak intracranial pressure would be approximately equal to the peak pressure of the external blast wave; when the model included the meninges, peak intracranial pressure was only half that of the external blast wave ( 55 ).…”

Section: Direct Cranial Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Complexity of Biomechanics Causing Primary Blast-Induced Traumatic Brain Injury: A Review of Potential Mechanisms

Courtney

Courtney²

2015

Front. Neurol.

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Primary blast-induced traumatic brain injury (bTBI) is a prevalent battlefield injury in recent conflicts, yet biomechanical mechanisms of bTBI remain unclear. Elucidating specific biomechanical mechanisms is essential to developing animal models for testing candidate therapies and for improving protective equipment. Three hypothetical mechanisms of primary bTBI have received the most attention. Because translational and rotational head accelerations are primary contributors to TBI from non-penetrating blunt force head trauma, the acceleration hypothesis suggests that blast-induced head accelerations may cause bTBI. The hypothesis of direct cranial transmission suggests that a pressure transient traverses the skull into the brain and directly injures brain tissue. The thoracic hypothesis of bTBI suggests that some combination of a pressure transient reaching the brain via the thorax and a vagally mediated reflex result in bTBI. These three mechanisms may not be mutually exclusive, and quantifying exposure thresholds (for blasts of a given duration) is essential for determining which mechanisms may be contributing for a level of blast exposure. Progress has been hindered by experimental designs, which do not effectively expose animal models to a single mechanism and by over-reliance on poorly validated computational models. The path forward should be predictive validation of computational models by quantitative confirmation with blast experiments in animal models, human cadavers, and biofidelic human surrogates over a range of relevant blast magnitudes and durations coupled with experimental designs, which isolate a single injury mechanism.

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“…Even though current helmets have reduced blast wave fatalities, recent explosive experiments and simulations of blast wave interactions with the helmet-skull-brain system indicate that the helmet needs to be improved to reduce TBI [3,4]. Recently, a laboratory-scale explosively-driven shock tube using small explosive charges has been designed and used to produce small scale blast for investigating blast mitigating materials for TBI reduction [5]. To eliminate the need for explosives and the associated safety issues, we have designed and built a new versatile target assembly for an existing gas gun [6] for studying blast mitigation in materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Versatile gas gun target assembly for studying blast wave mitigation in materials

Bartyczak¹,

Mock²

2012

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Blast Loading Experiments of Surrogate Models for Tbi Scenarios

Cited by 4 publications

References 6 publications

In silico investigation of intracranial blast mitigation with relevance to military traumatic brain injury

In silico investigation of intracranial blast mitigation with relevance to military traumatic brain injury

The Complexity of Biomechanics Causing Primary Blast-Induced Traumatic Brain Injury: A Review of Potential Mechanisms

Versatile gas gun target assembly for studying blast wave mitigation in materials

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